order non hybrid seeds LandRightsNFarming: LUCENT TO NIKOLA TESLA TO JP MORGAN

Sunday, April 24, 2011

LUCENT TO NIKOLA TESLA TO JP MORGAN

4/24/2011
This article is sent again for back up  due do computer  &email glitches beyond my control

[JT]


LUCENT
 TO NIKOLA TESLA
 TO JP MORGAN

TELECOMMUNICATIONS, BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE,
TECHNOLOGIES, ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY,   AND JP  MORGAN


How to control the world's weather and electromagnetic energy, disguised as communications towers? Could be!

 Is THIS how to rule the air???????????????


LUCENT

D & B NATIONWIDE

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Company Name

Address


Headquarters

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

600 MOUNTAIN AVE, MURRAY HILL, NJ

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LUCENT DIGITAL RADIO, INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

20 INDEPENDENCE BLVD STE 1, WARREN, NJ

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

324 E WISCONSIN AVE STE 1515, MILWAUKEE, WI

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

481 STAUNTON RD, NAPERVILLE, IL

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Branch

ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

12560 W TOWNSEND ST, BROOKFIELD, WI

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Branch

ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

9501 W 67TH ST, SHAWNEE MISSION, KS

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Branch

ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

1715 N WESTSHORE BLVD STE 600, TAMPA, FL

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

14 N HONEYMAN RD, WHITE HOUSE STATION, NJ

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

901 N LAKE DESTINY RD STE 400, MAITLAND, FL

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

4436 JACKSON STREET EXT, ALEXANDRIA, LA

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Branch

ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

13196 FILLMORE ST, DENVER, CO

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

7600 INTERSTATE 30, LITTLE ROCK, AR

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

1 WATERFRONT PLZ STE 360, HONOLULU, HI

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

25359 DEQUINDRE RD, MADISON HEIGHTS, MI

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Branch



LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT



22165 68TH AVE S, KENT, WA

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LUCENT/SCHOOL
Also Traded as LUCENT

24 E DEWEY AVE, WHARTON, NJ

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Branch

OCTEL COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION
Also Traded as LUCENT

455 S GULPH RD STE 300, KING OF PRUSSIA, PA

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

3260 EAGLE PARK DR NE STE 115, GRAND RAPIDS, MI

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IMATION CORP
Also Traded as LUCENT

6063 HUDSON RD, SAINT PAUL, MN

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

528 N MAIN ST, DAVENPORT, IA

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

14645 NW 77TH AVE, HIALEAH, FL

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

20 INDEPENDENCE BLVD, WARREN, NJ

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

825 MURRAY ST, ALEXANDRIA, LA

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

613 NIGHTINGALE AVE, MIAMI, FL

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

7824 PARK CENTRAL DR N, TINLEY PARK, IL

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Branch

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

34 MONROE AVE, CUYAHOGA FALLS, OH

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

100 BRUNIE ST, HATTIESBURG, MS

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Branch

IMATION CORP
Also Traded as LUCENT

3400 GRANADA AVE N BLDG 505, SAINT PAUL, MN

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Branch

ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC.
Also Traded as LUCENT

1152 W 2240 S, SALT LAKE CITY, UT

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Branch

IMATION CORP
Also Traded as LUCENT

1425 STOKKE PKWY, MENOMONIE, WI

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC
Also Traded as LUCENT

14528 S OUTER 40 STE 220, CHESTERFIELD, MO

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LUCENT IN

82 OSCEOLA RD, WAYNE, NJ

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LUCENT LABS LLC

3059 KEY LARGO DR UNIT 201, LAS VEGAS, NV

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

212 BROADWAY ST, PADUCAH, KY

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

92 CATHERINE PL, BRIDGEWATER, NJ

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

6724 HATCHERY RD, WATERFORD, MI

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

1027 APALACHEE PKWY, TALLAHASSEE, FL

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

2825 BAY RD, SAGINAW, MI

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

228 N TAYLOR AVE, OAK PARK, IL

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

1697 PINE GROVE RD, KEITHVILLE, LA

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

1900 ARDEN FOX RD, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

15 VREELAND RD RM 1-036, FLORHAM PARK, NJ

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

5314 DELHI AVE STE 410, CINCINNATI, OH

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

2940 199TH AVE NW, NEW LONDON, MN

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGY

10212 DORCHESTER PL, PICKERINGTON, OH

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

6521 55TH STREET CT W, TACOMA, WA

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

900 N NEW WARRINGTON RD, PENSACOLA, FL

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

1100 E WARRENVILLE RD RM 1E-474, NAPERVILLE, IL

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

22790 LAKE PARK BLVD, ALLIANCE, OH

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

2629 REDWING RD STE 150, FORT COLLINS, CO

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LUCENT COINS

276 STATE ROAD 35, OSCEOLA, WI

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

2600 WARRENVILLE RD, LISLE, IL

Select


LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

6503 W ROGERS CIR, BOCA RATON, FL

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

5 CORBEN CT, PISCATAWAY, NJ

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

5151 BLAZER PKWY, DUBLIN, OH

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LUCENT STYLES

730 GRAND AVE STE 26, RIDGEFIELD, NJ

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LUCENT COLOR, LLC

1029 NEWARK AVE, ELIZABETH, NJ

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LUCENT ORANGE LLC

18151 NE 31ST CT APT 1704, NORTH MIAMI BEACH, FL

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LUCENT DESIGN

4401 SE ALDERCREST RD, MILWAUKIE, OR

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LUCENT REALTY, INC.

1240 W 61ST PL, HIALEAH, FL

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL INC

5721 BIGGER RD, DAYTON, OH

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LUCENT IDEA WORKS

9654 WHITEHALL ST, NAPLES, FL

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LUCENT POLYMERS INC

1700 LYNCH RD, EVANSVILLE, IN

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LUCENT CONCEPT INC

5906 N MERRIMAC AVE, CHICAGO, IL

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LUCENT CONCEPTS LLC

724 S 16TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA

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LUCENT DYNAMICS LP

6075 S EASTERN AVE STE 1, LAS VEGAS, NV

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LUCENT DIAMONDS

3401 QUEBEC ST, DENVER, CO

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LUCENT POLYMERS LLC

50 FRONTAGE RD, POSEYVILLE, IN

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LUCENT RECYCLING OF MISSOURI

100 W INDEPENDENCE ST, JACKSON, MO

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LUCENT MORTGAGE INC

11400 NW 15TH ST, PEMBROKE PINES, FL

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LUCENT TECH SYSTEMS

32111 AURORA RD, SOLON, OH

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LUCENT INFO TECH USA INC

5515 SCIOTO DARBY RD, HILLIARD, OH

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LUCENT AUTO & CASTING INC

8100 RIVER RD APT 904, NORTH BERGEN, NJ

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LUCENT TECH INBOUND

14000 QUAIL SPRINGS PKWY, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SERVICES COMPANY, INC

300 S SPRING ST STE 900, LITTLE ROCK, AR

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LUCENT ENTERPRISES LLC

, HILLSBORO, OR

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES THAILAND INC

600 MOUNTAIN AVE # 700, NEW PROVIDENCE, NJ

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LUCENT TRUCK LINES INC

17424 SW 19TH ST, HOLLYWOOD, FL

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LUCENT DIGITAL VIDEO

1160 US HIGHWAY 22, BRIDGEWATER, NJ

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC. HEALTH PLANS

600 MOUNTAIN AVE, MURRAY HILL, NJ

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LUCENT PROFESSIONALS INC.

11844 STERLING DR, ORLAND PARK, IL

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LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS I LLC

600 MOUNTAIN AVE, NEW PROVIDENCE, NJ

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LUCENT COMMUNICATIONS

15513 TOMER RD, GUYS MILLS, PA

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LUCENT VIDEO SVCS DELIV

2637 BREWER LN, WOODRIDGE, IL

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LUCENT REAL ESTATE SERVICE

1570 S 600 E, SPRINGVILLE, UT

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CAPITAL TRUST I

C/O LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC., NEW PROVIDENCE, NJ

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LUCENT AGERE AVAYA NATIONAL PE

738 BELMONT AVE, READING, PA

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LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC. MASTER PENSION TRUST

600 MOUNTAIN AVE, NEW PROVIDENCE, NJ

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AT T LUCENT

205 CARRERA DR, LADY LAKE, FL

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ALCATEL-LUCENT

2666 PATTON RD, SAINT PAUL, MN

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ALCATEL LUCENT

2905 PADDINGTON WAY, KISSIMMEE, FL

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LUCENT SUPPLEMENTAL HEALTHCARE BENEFITS PLAN FOR FORMERLY REPRESENTED RETIREES

600 MOUNTAIN AVE, MURRAY HILL, NJ

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IDEAL AT LUCENT INC

568 S WASHINGTON ST, NAPERVILLE, IL

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A T T LUCENT TECH

2043 S BLACK HORSE PIKE, WILLIAMSTOWN, NJ

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ALCATEL-LUCENT USA INC

320 PRIMROSE DR, LOUISVILLE, KY

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ALCATEL-LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

225 W STATION SQUARE DR STE 300, PITTSBURGH, PA

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ALCATEL-LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

600 ARCH ST, OTTAWA, IL

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ALCATEL-LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

26750 US HIGHWAY 19 N, CLEARWATER, FL

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ALCATEL-LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC


3101 BENNETT PL, AURORA, IL

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ALCATEL-LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INC

3601 RIVER RD, HAZEL CREST, IL

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Showing page 1 of 10 pages










LUCENT

DEL CORP DIV

http://www.corp.delaware.gov/onlinestatus.shtml

https://delecorp.delaware.gov/tin/GINameSearch.jsp




49 matches

FILE NUMBER

ENTITY NAME


2888919

LUCENTA COMPANY LTD.

0641001

LUCENTA TIRE & EQUIPMENT, INC.

2780121

LUCENT CABLE COMMUNICATIONS INC.

2788974

LUCENT CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS, LLC

2512552

LUCENT CORPORATION

3063327

LUCENT DIGITAL RADIO, INC.

3391533

LUCENTE ESTATES, LLC

3158121

LUCENT ENTERPRISES LTD.

4001678

LUCENT HARMONIES LLC

3425312

LUCENT INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.

3723804

LUCENT INTERNATIONAL LLC

2786923

LUCENT MEXICAN HOLDING COMPANY, LLC

2877264

LUCENTON SECURITIES LTD.

3069582

LUCENT PIGMENTS, LLC

3988723

LUCENT POLYMERS INC

3070030

LUCENT PUBLIC SAFETY SYSTEMS INC.

4589249

LUCENTRIC LLC

2668647

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES AGILE NETWORKS INC.

2054839

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES ASIA/PACIFIC INC.

3075044

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CANADA LLC

3487426

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CAPITAL TRUST I

2412578

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CONSTRUCTION SERVICES, INC.

2802855

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CONSUMER PRODUCTS L.P.

2571643

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES ENGINEERING INC.

3258124

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES FIBER GUARDIAN LLC

3036845

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES FINANCE INC.

2943486

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES GRL LLC

2943483

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES GUARDIAN CORPORATION

3258150

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES GUARDIAN I LLC

2646015

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS LLC

2910279

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS OF TAMPA L.L.C.

2037415

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL PURCHASING COMPANY

2571646

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES KAZAKHSTAN LTD.

2019180

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES MAQUILADORAS INC.

2790277

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES M.E. INC.

3101700

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES OCTEL LLC

3258135

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES OPTICAL NETWORKING GUARDIAN LLC

3378456

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SENTINEL I LLC

2994696

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SENTINEL, INC.

0936060

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SERVICES COMPANY, INC.

2575750

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY AFRICA INC.

0932967

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES TAIWAN INC.

2646138

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES WESTERN INVESTMENTS INC.

3258129

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES WIRELESS GUARDIAN LLC

3506425

LUCENTT TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC.

3343664

LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS III LLC

3228330

LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS II LLC

3217225

LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS I LLC

2857766

LUCENT VENTURE PARTNERS INC.











File Number:

3487426

Incorporation Date / Formation Date:

02/01/2002
(mm/dd/yyyy)

Entity Name:

LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES CAPITAL TRUST I

Entity Kind:

STATUTORY TRUST

Entity Type:

GENERAL

Residency:

DOMESTIC

State:

DE





REGISTERED AGENT INFORMATION





Name:

BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE

Address:

100 WHITE CLAY CENTER SUITE 102

City:

NEWARK

County:

NEW CASTLE

State:

DE

Postal Code:

19711

Phone:





BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE


1 match found

FILE NUMBER

ENTITY NAME


2023968

BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE






File Number:

2023968

Incorporation Date / Formation Date:

12/21/1983
(mm/dd/yyyy)

Entity Name:

BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE

Entity Kind:

CORPORATION

Entity Type:

BANK

Residency:

DOMESTIC

State:

DE





REGISTERED AGENT INFORMATION





Name:

BNY MELLON TRUST OF DELAWARE

Address:

100 WHITE CLAY CENTER SUITE 102

City:

NEWARK

County:

NEW CASTLE

State:

DE

Postal Code:

19711

Phone:






FILE NUMBER

ENTITY NAME


3425312

LUCENT INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.





File Number:

3425312

Incorporation Date / Formation Date:

08/14/2001
(mm/dd/yyyy)

Entity Name:

LUCENT INTERNATIONAL GROUP INC.

Entity Kind:

CORPORATION

Entity Type:

GENERAL

Residency:

DOMESTIC

State:

DE





REGISTERED AGENT INFORMATION





Name:

AMERICAN INCORPORATORS LTD.

Address:

1220 N. MARKET STREET SUITE 808

City:

WILMINGTON

County:

NEW CASTLE

State:

DE

Postal Code:

19801

Phone:

(302)421-5752






AMERICAN INCORPORATORS LTD.




File Number:

2273452

Incorporation Date / Formation Date:

09/10/1991
(mm/dd/yyyy)

Entity Name:

AMERICAN INCORPORATORS LTD.

Entity Kind:

CORPORATION

Entity Type:

GENERAL

Residency:

DOMESTIC

State:

DE





REGISTERED AGENT INFORMATION





Name:

REGISTERED AGENTS, LTD.

Address:

1220 N. MARKET STREET SUITE 804

City:

WILMINGTON

County:

NEW CASTLE

State:

DE

Postal Code:

19801

Phone:

(302)421-5750




REGISTERED AGENTS, LTD.

FILE NUMBER

ENTITY NAME


0871086

REGISTERED AGENTS, LTD.





File Number:

0871086

Incorporation Date / Formation Date:

04/18/1979
(mm/dd/yyyy)

Entity Name:

REGISTERED AGENTS, LTD.

Entity Kind:

CORPORATION

Entity Type:

GENERAL

Residency:

DOMESTIC

State:

DE





REGISTERED AGENT INFORMATION





Name:

REGISTERED AGENTS, LTD.

Address:

1220 N. MARKET STREET SUITE 804

City:

WILMINGTON

County:

NEW CASTLE

State:

DE

Postal Code:

19801

Phone:

(302)421-5750





2877264 LUCENTON SECURITIES LTD.

File Number:

2877264

Incorporation Date / Formation Date:

03/27/1998
(mm/dd/yyyy)

Entity Name:

LUCENTON SECURITIES LTD.

Entity Kind:

CORPORATION

Entity Type:

GENERAL

Residency:

DOMESTIC

State:

DE





REGISTERED AGENT INFORMATION





Name:

ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LTD.

Address:

3411 SILVERSIDE ROAD #104

City:

WILMINGTON

County:

NEW CASTLE

State:

DE

Postal Code:

19810

Phone:





ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LTD.

FILE NUMBER

ENTITY NAME


2750177

ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LTD.






File Number:

2750177

Incorporation Date / Formation Date:

05/12/1997
(mm/dd/yyyy)

Entity Name:

ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LTD.

Entity Kind:

CORPORATION

Entity Type:

GENERAL

Residency:

DOMESTIC

State:

DE





REGISTERED AGENT INFORMATION





Name:

ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LTD.

Address:

3411 SILVERSIDE ROAD #104

City:

WILMINGTON

County:

NEW CASTLE

State:

DE

Postal Code:

19810

Phone:






ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LTD.


GOOGLE






I C C Property Management - Condominimum Property Managers Toronto

... property management services throughout southern Ontario including
Mississauga, ... At ICC Property Management Ltd., we understand that our clients
expect a quality ... ICC Property Management Ltd. was founded for this reason
alone. ...

www.iccpropertymanagement.com/ - Cached - Similar

ICC Logistics Services, transportation, freight audit, freight ...

They seek out firms that offer full service transportation and logistics
management services. ICC Logistics Services, Inc. is proud of the fact that we
are ...

www.icclogistics.com/ - Cached - Similar

ICC Property Management Ltd. | LinkedIn

Welcome to the company profile of ICC Property Management Ltd. on LinkedIn.
Professional Condominium Management Services. Now proudly in its 18th year of
...

www.linkedin.com/company/icc-property... - Cached - Similar

ICC - Decision Services

ICC/Decision Services has been helping apparel and accessories retailers like
you optimize their customer experience management programs for 31 years ...

www.iccds.com/ - Cached - Similar

ICC Inc

ICC offers its clients Engineering, Procurement and Construction Management
services assuring project execution meets or exceeds project intent. ...

www.icc-inc.net/ - Cached - Similar

ICC/Decision Services, Inc.: Private Company Information ...

Jan 10, 2011 ... ICC/Decision Services, Inc. designs and executes customer experience management
programs. It offers a range of qualitative and quantitative ...

investing.businessweek.com/research/s... - Cached - Similar

Andrejs Management Inc., Bayshore Property Management, ICC ...

Bayshore Property Management, ICC Property Management Ltd., Pro-House ...
Brookfield Residential Services Ltd. Caber Management Services Inc. ...

www.acmo.org/pdf/pressrelease0522.pdf - Cached - Similar

::ICC EVENTS Inc. - Premier Destination Management Company in Miami

Destination Management Company in Miami for incentive travel, corporate meetings
, ... Our Services. ICC EVENTS INC. Incentives, Convention & Cruises ...

www.iccmiami.com/ - Cached - Similar

Icc Management Inc (Icc Management, Inc) - Windermere, Florida (FL ...

Companies like Icc Management Inc usually offer: Intero Real Estate Services,
Real Estate Virtual Assistant Services, Village Real Estate Services, ...

www.manta.com/c/mm0tbwd/icc-managemen... - Cached - Similar

ICC Capital Management

ICC Capital Management, Inc., is a registered investment adviser providing
portfolio management services for a select group of: ...

www.icccapital.com/home.html - Cached - Similar


Andrejs Management Inc., Bayshore Property Management, ICC ...

www.acmo.org/pdf/pressrelease0522.pdf

[PDF IN ENTIRETY]


For Immediate Release

Andrejs Management Inc., Bayshore Property Management, ICC Property Management Ltd., Pro-House Management Limited and Y.L. HENDLER LTD. Achieve ACMO 2000 Certification
Nineteen Condominium Management Companies Now ACMO 2000 Certified
May 15, 2007. Mississauga. The Association of Condominium Managers of Ontario (ACMO) is pleased to announce that Andrejs Management Inc., Bayshore Property Management, ICC Property Management Ltd., Pro-House Management Limited and Y.L. HENDLER LTD. have achieved ACMO 2000 Certification.

The ACMO 2000 program was launched in 1999. At that time the International Standards Organization (ISO) had recognized that service industries were capable of developing measurable processes, which resulted in predictable levels of service quality. Today, the Association of Condominium Managers of Ontario is the only Association that has created a quality of service certification program specific to its industry.

ACMO 2000 certification is administered by the Business Development Bank of Canada and requires a company to demonstrate business practices within eight core areas of operation.

ACMO 2000 is a complementary program to the Association’s widely recognized Registered Condominium Manager (RCM) designation. “There are now close to 400 RCMs in the province and condominium boards have increasingly come to expect management companies to provide an RCM to manage their property,” states Harold Cipin, RCM, and ACMO’s president. “This is because they believe that an RCM has the necessary education and training to ensure the client receives quality service.”

It is ACMO’s goal to continually raise the bar for professional and management standards and to have the RCM designation and ACMO 2000 certification become an expectation of condominium corporations and their residents.

Congratulations to the management and professional teams at Andrejs Management Inc., Bayshore Property Management, ICC Property Management Ltd., Pro-House Management Limited and Y.L. HENDLER LTD. on their successful completion of the ACMO 2000 process.

They now join the following ACMO 2000 certified companies:

Active Management Ltd.
Brookfield Residential Services Ltd.
Caber Management Services Inc.
CLP Property Management Inc.
Comsec Property Management Ltd.
Del Property Management Inc.
Enhanced Management Services
Fengate Property Management Limited
Larlyn Property Management Ltd.
M.F. Property Management Ltd.
Malvern Condominium Property Management
Percel Inc.
Property Management Guild Incorporated
Provincial Property Management Limited
ACMO membership is open to condominium managers, management companies, and suppliers to the condominium community. Full details of the association’s services, publications and membership can be found at www.acmo.org.

For further information please contact:

Amanda Curtis, CAE
Executive Director
905.826.6890
acurtis@acmo.org



[THE ABOVE IS CROSS REFERENCED FROM “ICC MANAGEMENT SERVICES, LTD” BACK TO “LUCENT”. Note this is now in “ONTATIO CANADA”]



SEC FILES LAWSUIT AGAINST LUCENT

referenced on GOOGLE



Winstar files for bankruptcy, sues Lucent - CNET News

... provider seeks Chapter 11 protection and files a $10 billion lawsuit against
Lucent Technologies ... According to Lucent, Winstar is the one in default. ....
Market news, charts, SEC filings, and more. Related quotes ...

news.cnet.com/Winstar-files-for-bankr... - Cached - Similar

Report: Lucent may face SEC charges

Oct 31, 2002 ... Still, SEC action against Lucent could further slow the recovery of the moribund
telecommunications sector, Kagan said. ...

www.computerworld.com/s/article/print... - Cached - Similar

TECHNOLOGY; Lucent Fined $25 Million By S.E.C. In Fraud Case - New ...

May 18, 2004 ... The accusations, made in a civil lawsuit filed in Federal District ... The
accusation against Lucent comes after smaller fines were levied ...

www.nytimes.com/2004/05/18/business/t... - Cached - Similar

Lucent Fined $25 Million by S.E.C. in Fraud Case - NYTimes.com

May 18, 2004 ... The accusations, made in a civil lawsuit filed in Federal ...
www.nytimes.com/2004/05/18/business/1... - Similar

FOSS Patents: Alcatel-Lucent subsidiary Multimedia Patent Trust ...

Dec 21, 2010 ... Yesterday, Multimedia Patent Trust filed a new complaint against .... I found an
SEC filing by Microsoft that summarizes this ... However, none of those are
asserted in this new suit against Apple, LG, Canon and TiVo. ...

fosspatents.blogspot.com/2010/12/alca... - Cached - Similar

SEC Complaint Center

Mar 21, 2011 ... The SEC Division of Enforcement conducts investigations into possible violations
of the federal securities laws, and prosecutes the ...

www.sec.gov/complaint.shtml - Cached - Similar

Alcatel-Lucent Settles SEC Bribery Case For $45M - Law360

Jan 3, 2011 ... Alcatel-Lucent faced allegations from both the SEC and the U.S. ... in 2006 when
they filed charges against ex-deputy vice president for ...

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Cisco Systems Files Lawsuit Against Lucent Technologies for Patent ...

Aug 10, 1998 ... Cisco Systems Files Lawsuit Against Lucent Technologies for Patent ... Readers
are referred to the documents filed by Cisco with the SEC, ...

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Alcantel-Lucent Settles FCPA Cases [SEE FOLLOWING ARTICLE]

Jan 5, 2011 ... 27, 2010); SEC v. Alcatel-Lucent, S.A., Case No. .... Pritzker Olsen Files
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Microsoft noted in their October 2005 SEC filing that they may have to .....
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01/05/2011 02:51:00 PM EST

Alcantel-Lucent Settles FCPA Cases

The Department of Justice and the SEC settled FCPA cases with Alcantel-Lucent S.A., a company formed in a November 30, 2006 merger involving Paris, France based Alcantel, S.A. and U.S. based Lucent Technologies, Inc. U.S. v. Alcatel-Lucent S.A., (S.D.Fla. Dec. 27, 2010); U.S. v. Alcatel-Lucent France S.A., (S.D.F.a. Dec. 27, 2010); SEC v. Alcatel-Lucent, S.A., Case No. 1:10-cv-24620 (S.D.Fla. Dec. 27, 2010). The cases allege violations of the anti-bribery, books and records and internal control provisions of the FCPA between December 2001 and June 2006. Until November 30, 2006 Alcatel's ADRs were registered with the Commission and traded in New York.

Prior to the 2006 merger Alcatel, a French telecommunications equipment and services company, conducted much of its business through subsidiaries. Those subsidiaries in turn retained local business agents who helped the company secure business. Using this business model the company paid bribes in Costa Rica, Honduras, Malaysia and Taiwan. It also violated the internal control provisions of the FCPA related to hiring third party agents in Kenya, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Angola, Ivory Coast, Uganda and Mali.

Specifically, during the time period, the court filings stated that:

  • In Costa Rica Alcatel CIT (now known as Alcatel-Lucent France S.A.) obtained three contracts worth more than $300 million which yielded profits of over $23 million. About $18 million was paid to two consultants retained by Alcatel Standard A.G. (now known as Alcatel-Lucent Trade International A.G.). About half of that sum was passed to government officials. Phony invoices were used to conceal the scheme.

  • In Honduras Alcatel CIT was able to retain contracts worth about $47 million which yielded profits of about $870,000. Those contacts resulted from payments made to a local consultant who was personally selected by the brother of a senior Honduran government official. Significant portions of the payments made to the consultant, a perfume distributor with no experience in the telecommunications business, went to government officials.

  • In Malaysia bribes were paid through agents to obtain or retain a telecommunications contract valued at about $85 million.

  • In Taiwan Alcatel Standard retained two consultants on behalf of another subsidiary in Taiwan to assist in obtaining an axle counting contract worth about $19.2 million. The two consultants were paid about $950,000 despite the fact that neither had telecommunications experience. The consultants were retained so that Alcatel SEL A.G. (now known as Alcatel-Lucent Deutschland A.G.) could funnel payments through them to Taiwanese legislators to influence the award of the contract which yielded profits of about $4.34 million.

All of these payments were improperly recorded in the books and records of the subsidiaries and the parent company. This resulted, according to the court papers, from a lax system of internal controls.

To settle with DOJ the parent company entered into a deferred prosecution agreement. The two count information charged violations of the FCPA internal controls and books and records provisions. Under the terms of the agreement the company will pay a $92 million criminal fine and a monitor will be installed for three years. In addition, subsidiaries Alcatel-Lucent France S.A., Alcatel-Lucent Trade International A.G., and Alcatel Centroamerica S.A. (formerly known as Alcatel de Costa Rica S.A.) each agreed to plead guilty to a one count information charging conspiracy to violate the anti-bribery, books and records and internal control provisions of the FCPA.

The parent company settled with the SEC by consenting to the entry of a permanent injunction prohibiting future violations of Exchange Act Sections 30A, 13(b)(2)(A), 13(b)(2)(b) and 13(b)(5). The company also agreed to pay disgorgement of $45.372 million and to comply with its undertakings including the appointment of an independent monitor for three years.

According to DOJ the settlement reflects the cooperation of the company after the merger. Prior to the merger there was "limited and inadequate" cooperation. Following the merger cooperation improved significantly. In addition, the company on its own initiative and at substantial cost undertook an "unprecedented pledge" to alter its business model and stop using third-party sales and marketing agents in its world wide business.

Previously, two former Alcatel executives were charged with FCPA violations. One, Christian Sapsizian, a French citizen and Acatel CIT executive, pleaded guilty to FCPA violations and was sentenced to 30 months in prison in September 2008. Edgar Valverde Acosta, a citizen of Costa Rica and former president of Alcatel de Costa Rica, has not been arrested. In January 2010 Alcatel-Lucent agreed to pay $10 million to settle a corruption case brought by the government of Costa Rica based out of the bribery of government officials. The case is the first in Costa Rica's history in which a foreign corporation paid damages to the government for corruption.

 For more cutting edge commentary on developing securities issues, visit SEC Actions, a blog by Thomas Gorman.


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Alcatel-Lucent


Alcatel-Lucent is a global communications industry leader with the innovation,
expertise and vision for a connected world that moves at the speed of ideas.

www.alcatel-lucent.com/

Alcatel-Lucent

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent


Alcatel-Lucent is a global telecommunications corporation, headquartered in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France. It provides telecommunications solutions to service providers, enterprises, and governments around the world, enabling these customers to deliver voice, data, and video services. The company focuses on fixed, mobile, and converged networking hardware, IP technologies, software, and services. It holds Bell Labs, one of the largest innovation and R&D houses in the communications industry.[citation needed] Alcatel-Lucent has operations in more than 130 countries.

The company is under the leadership of Chief Executive Officer Ben Verwaayen and the non-executive Chairman of the Board is Philippe Camus. Verwaayen and Camus joined the company in the third quarter of 2008 after Alcatel-Lucent's first CEO Patricia Russo and first Chairman Serge Tchuruk resigned.[2] For 2010, the company posted revenues of €15.996 billion and a reported net loss of €334 million.[3]


Contents

History

Alcatel-Lucent was formed when Alcatel merged with Lucent Technologies on December 1, 2006. However, the company as a whole has been a part of telecommunications industry since the late 19th century. The company has roots in two early telecommunications companies: La Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE) and the Western Electric Manufacturing Company.[4]

Western Electric began in 1869 when Elisha Gray and Enos N. Barton started a small manufacturing firm based in Cleveland, Ohio. By 1880, the company had relocated to Chicago, Illinois and become the largest electrical manufacturing company in the U.S. In 1881 the American Bell Telephone Company — founded by Alexander Graham Bell and forerunner of American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) — purchased a controlling interest in Western Electric and made it the exclusive developer and manufacturer of equipment for the Bell telephone companies.[4]

CGE was formed in 1898 by French engineer Pierre Azaria in the Alsace region of France[citation needed] and was a conglomerate involved in industries such as electricity, transportation, electronics and telecommunications. CGE would become a leader in digital communications and would also be known for producing the TGV (train à grande vitesse) high speed trains in France.[4]

Bell Telephone Laboratories was created in 1925 from the consolidation of the R&D organizations of Western Electric and AT&T. Bell Labs would make significant scientific advances including: the transistor, the laser, the solar cell battery, the digital signal processor chip, the Unix operating system and the cellular concept of mobile telephone service. Bell Labs researchers have won 11 Nobel Prizes.[4]

Also in 1925, Western Electric sold its International Western Electric Company subsidiary to ITT Corporation. CGE purchased the telecommunications part of ITT in the mid-1980s.[4]

AT&T also re-entered the European telecommunications market in 1984 following the break-up of AT&T. Philips promoted the venture in part because its PRX public switching technology was ageing and it sought a partner to help fund the necessary development costs of digital switching. The joint company used the existing manufacturing and development facilities in The Hague, Hilversum, Brussels and Malmesbury as well as its US resources.to adapt the 5ESS system to the European market The joint venture company AT&T & Philips Telecommunications BV doubled annual turnover between 1984 and in 1987 won major switching and transmission contracts, mainly in the effectively captive Netherlands market. In 1987 AT&T increased its holding to 60% and in 1990 it purchased the remainder of the Philips' holding.

In 1998 Alcatel Alsthom shifted its focus to the telecommunications industry — spinning off its Alsthom activities and changing the company’s name to Alcatel. AT&T spun off Lucent Technologies in April 1996 with an initial public offering.[4]

Facing intense competition in the telecommunications industry, Alcatel and Lucent Technologies merged on November 30, 2006.[5]

At the same time, Alcatel announced that it would swap its shares of Alcatel Alenia Space and Telespazio for €673 million and a 12.1% stake in Thales, a key player in the French defense industry. This increased Alcatel’s stake in Thales to 20.8%.[4]

Alcatel-Lucent acquired Nortel's UMTS radio access business at the end of 2006. During 2007 the company acquired Canadian metro WDM networking supplier Tropic Networks, Inc.; enterprise services gateway products developer NetDevices; IPTV software company Tamblin; and the telecommunications consulting practice Thompson Advisory Group, Inc. Alcatel-Lucent acquired Motive, Inc., a provider of service management software for broadband and mobile data services in 2008.[4] They formerly had a joint venture with Dutch company Draka Holding N.V. for manufacturing optical fibre, but Draka bought out Alcatel-Lucent's 49.9% stake for €209 million in December 2007.[6]

In May 2009 Alcatel-Lucent's stake in Thales was acquired by Dassault Aviation.[7]

Alcatel-Lucent announced[8] it had acquired OpenPlug on September, 1 2010.

Organization

Offices

  • Global Headquarters:

    • 3 avenue Octave Gréard 75007 Paris, France

  • Alcatel-Lucent has three regional groups:[9]

    • Americas

  • Asia Pacific & China

  • Europe, Middle East & Africa

Business Groups

  • Applications Group - Develops software for Carriers such as digital home management and rich media applications and for Enterprises to enable deployment of applications to transform their customer service capabilities.[11]

  • Networks Group - Telecommunications products for wireline, wireless and convergent service providers.[11]

  • Enterprise and Strategic Industries Group - Provides enterprises with communications solutions such as unified communications and contact centers, IP telephony, performance management software and security solutions.[11]

  • Services Group - Offers professional telecommunications services to carriers that encompass the entire network lifecycle.[11]

Management Committee[12]

Board of Directors

Research

  • Bell Labs is Alcatel-Lucent's research & development organization.[13]

    • Alcatel-Lucent spent €2.5 billion for R&D in 2008.

  • Alcatel-Lucent spent €2.4 billion for R&D in 2009.

  • Alcatel-Lucent Bell-Labs currently has 27,600 active patents.[14]

  • 2,100 patents granted in 2009 alone.

  • Is involved in 100 worldwide standardization bodies.

Lawsuits

Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft

Main article: Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft

Lucent Technologies filed suit against Gateway and Dell, claiming they had violated patents on MP3, MPEG and other technologies developed by Bell Labs, a division of predecessor company American Telephone & Telegraph. Microsoft voluntarily joined the lawsuit in April 2003, and Alcatel was added after it acquired Lucent. The case, involving a number of patents, is pending in U.S. District Court in San Diego, California.[when?]

The first part of the case involved two audio coding patents that Alcatel-Lucent claimed were infringed by Microsoft's Windows Media Player application. Alcatel-Lucent won the trial and $1.52 billion in damages, but the judge granted[15] Microsoft's motion for judgment and new trial.[16][17] Alcatel-Lucent says it will appeal.[18][dead link]

In the second part of the case, the judge ruled that Microsoft had not violated Alcatel-Lucent's patents relating to speech recognition and the case was therefore dismissed before going to trial. Alcatel-Lucent intends to appeal.[19][20]

The third part of the case, involving several user interface-related patents, is scheduled to begin on 21 May 2013.

Additional patent infringement cases, some filed by Microsoft and some filed by Alcatel-Lucent, are pending in the U.S.

Head office


Alcatel-Lucent head office

Alcatel-Lucent has its head office in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France since June 2010.[21] Its previous head office, in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, built between 1912 and 1929, was renovated in 1998. During the renovation the building was decorated with a theme of the cosmos and time.[22]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "Annual Report 2010". Alcatel-Lucent. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/DocumentStreamerServlet?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=Financial_Info/Income_Statements/2010-ALU-20-f-filed.pdf. Retrieved 13 April 2011. 

  2. ^ Alcatel-Lucent (2008-07-29). "Alcatel-Lucent announces Chairman Serge Tchuruk and CEO Pat Russo to step down". Press release. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4x3tXDUL8h2VAQAURh_Yw!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2008/News_Article_001159.xml. Retrieved 2009-04-28. 

  3. ^ Alcatel-Lucent (2011-02-10). "Alcatel-Lucent fourth quarter 2010 earnings". Press release. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4x3tXDUL8h2VAQAURh_Yw!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2011/News_Article_002343.xml. 

  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Alcatel-Lucent History". Company Overview. Alcatel-Lucent. 2009. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3sfQGSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjggRX4_83FT9IH1v_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAdXXZMA!!/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfNUxJ. Retrieved 2009-04-28. 

  5. ^ "Alcatel-Lucent Merger Timeline". News Features. Alcatel-Lucent. 2006. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w39w3RL8h2VAQAGOJBYA!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Features/News_Feature_Detail_000046.xml. Retrieved 2010-04-25. 

  6. ^ Leers, Kaj (2007-12-18), "Draka to pay 209 mln eur to Alcatel-Lucent for 49.9 pct stake in Comteq JV", Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2007/12/18/afx4450827.html, retrieved 2010-07-28 

  7. ^ "Dassault Aviation completes the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent’s stakes in Thales". Press Release. Alcatel-Lucent. 2009. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3MfQFSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjgiRIH1vfV-P_NxU_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAAD_zXg!!/delta/base64xml/L0lJayEvUUd3QndJQSEvNElVRkNBISEvNl9BX0U4QS9lbl93dw!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2009/News_Article_001575.xml. Retrieved 2010-04-25. 

  8. ^ "Alcatel-Lucent acquires OpenPlug, a cross-platform mobile software development tool provider". Press Release. Alcatel-Lucent. 2010. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3MfQFSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjgiRIH1vfV-P_NxU_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAAD_zXg!!/delta/base64xml/L0lJayEvUUd3QndJQSEvNElVRkNBISEvNl9BX0U4QS9lbl93dw!!?LMSG_CABINET=Docs_and_Resource_Ctr&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=News_Releases_2010/News_Article_002180.xml. Retrieved 2010-11-04. 

  9. ^ "Regional Groups". Company Overview. Alcatel-Lucent. 2009. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3sfQGSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjggRX4_83FT9IH1v_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAdXXZMA!!/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfNEox. Retrieved 2009-04-28. 

  10. ^ "ALU MEA". Alcatel-Lucent. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/country?LMSG_CABINET=Corporate&LMSG_CONTENT_FILE=Country_Content/Middle_East/Country.xml&lu_lang_code=en_AA. Retrieved 2009-06-02. 

  11. ^ a b c d "Operating Segments". Company Overview. Alcatel-Lucent. 2010. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w3cTECSYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjggRX4_83FT9IH1v_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UA8x670Q!!/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfNEow. Retrieved 2010-06-09. 

  12. ^ "Management Team". About Us. Alcatel-Lucent. 2010. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w38vAGSYGZrqb6kShiBvGOCBFfj_zcVP0gfW_9AP2C3NCIckdHRQCIDusE/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfNEoy. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 

  13. ^ "Innovation". Alcatel-Lucent. 2009. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzKLd4w38TIASYGYRq6m-pEoYgbxjggRX4_83FT9IH1v_QD9gtzQiHJHR0UAD-d6Zg!!/delta/base64xml/L3dJdyEvd0ZNQUFzQUMvNElVRS82X0FfQlRD. Retrieved 2009-04-28. 

  14. ^ "Company Overview page(also look at "facts sheet" tab)". Alcatel-Lucent. 2010. http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/wps/portal/AboutUs/Overview/. Retrieved 2010-11-10. 

  15. ^ Pleading Paper

  16. ^ "Microsoft faces $1.5bn MP3 payout". BBC News. 2007-02-22. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6388273.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-23. 

  17. ^ Microsoft hit with $1.5 billion patent verdict | CNET News.com

  18. ^ Bangeman, Eric (2007-08-06). "Judge tosses verdict, $1.52 billion award in Microsoft MP3 patent case". arstechnica. http://origin.arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070806-judge-tosses-verdict-1-52-billion-award-in-microsoft-mp3-patent-case.html. 

  19. ^ Broache, Anne (2007-03-02). "Microsoft wins in second Alcatel-Lucent patent suit". CNET News.com. http://news.com.com/Microsoft+wins+in+second+Alcatel-Lucent+patent+suit/2100-1014_3-6163828.html?tag=nefd.top. Retrieved 2007-03-04. 

  20. ^ Montalbano, Elizabeth (2007-03-03). "One Patent Claim Against Microsoft Dropped". http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,129581-c,legalissues/article.html. 

  21. ^ "[1]." Alcatel-Lucent Fact Sheet. Retrieved on 13 September 2010.

  22. ^ "la tête dans les étoiles." Le Journal du Net. Retrieved on 8 July 2010.

External links

Alcatel-Lucent company website










NIKOLA TESLA CONNECTION TO LUCENT













Above: The newspaper articles explaining the multiple function of the Tesla Tower. Many of today's technologies have originated from the Tesla-Wardenclyffe Tower concept. World wireless telecommunication and wireless transmission of electrical energy was originately Tesla's concept.




Lost Tesla Papers about the "Death Rays"

Nikola Tesla died on January 7th, 1943 in Hotel New Yorker, in Manhattan, in room 3327 on the 33rd floor of the hotel. Immediately after Tesla’s death, Tesla scientific papers vanished from his hotel room in Hotel New Yorker. Tesla papers were never found. Tesla papers contained scientific data and information about “Death Rays”, which could be used for military purposes.

In 1947 the Military Intelligence service identified the writings about the particle-beam contained in Tesla’s scientific papers as “extremely important.” Military intelligence services of the USA, Germany and USSR were vitally interested in Tesla’s “Death Rays”.

The current beam-weapon program is originated from Tesla’s “Death Rays” idea.

Tesla claimed of having invented a “death ray” capable of destroying 10,000 enemy airplanes at a distance of 250 miles (400 kilometers).

On July 23, 1934 Time Magazine wrote an article about Tesla’s Ray:

“Last week Dr. Tesla announced a combination of four inventions which would make war unthinkable.

Nucleus of the idea is a death ray-a concentrated beam of sub-microscopic particles flying at velocities approaching that of light. The beam, according to Tesla, would drop an army in its tracks, bring down squadrons of airplanes 250 miles away. Inventor Tesla would discharge the ray by means of 1) a device to nullify the impeding effect of the atmosphere on the particles 2)a method for setting up high potential 3) a process for amplifying that potential to 50,000.000 volts; 4) creation of “a tremendous electrical repelling force.”



Tesla “Death Rays” are Particle Beams

Particle beams are special sorts of electro-magnetic waves, a special sort of light.

The white light or daily light is a mixture of different length of waves. White light is a mixture of many colors which can be separated. Red light has long waves whereas blue light has short waves.

The waves making up a particle beam are quite different. Not only are all the waves the same length, but they are lined up so that the tops (peaks) of the waves coincide with each other.

Particle beams can be concentrated into a tiny point. They have tremendous energy.

Particle beams can produce enough heat to turn a metal into a vapor! They are accurate cutting tools that can even cut diamond, the hardest substance known to man. Particle beams are powerful enough to cut through metal in military operations, a particle beam can be bounced off a target such as an enemy airplane or ship to determine its distance and speed. Particle gyroscopes (guidance devices) are being develop to direct bombs and artillery shells to their target.

Today, particle beams are used also in medicine: for microsurgery, in delicate brain surgery and for coagulation of bleeding vessels into the eye structure of retina. They are also used to treat detached retina. The particle “knife” is completely sterile and seals small blood vessels as it cuts, minimizing tissue bleeding.



[ IF THE READER THINKS THIS IS FAR FETCHED, SEE THE STEVEN SEIGAL MOVE “UNDER SEIGE II, DARK TERRITORY, 1995] . This movie is about a satellite that causes “sesmic events”, both against aircraft or on land.

The reader should also note current certain communications commercials that show a tower on the “top of the world” that is coincidentally very similar to Nikola Tesla's project. Then go back to Otto Skorzeny to Bush and note the author wrote Skorzeny and Bush's intent was to ........“to destroy the Constitutional form of Government in the United States through technology and with the banks through use of threat intimidation, espionage and murder.”......]

http://www.teslasociety.com/teslabanquet.htm







WARDENCLYFFE TOWER (1901-1905)

NIKOLA TESLA

• Tesla's Tower of Power • Damn Interesting

Sep 3, 2008 ... Wardenclyffe TowerIn 1905, a team of construction workers in the small village
..... feel free to slog though its conspiracy scented mire. ...

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The project is a favorite target for conspiracy theorists. ... towers are
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Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies - Google Books Result

Christopher Hodapp, Alice Von Kannon - 2008 - 362 pages

Wardenclyffe Tower and Tesla's “World System” Starting in 1901, ... On Long
Island he began to build a 187-foot tower, called Wardenclyffe Tower, ...

books.google.com/books?isbn=0470184086

Nikola Tesla and the Wardenclyffe Tower

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Tesla’s Tower of Power

Written by Alan Bellows on 03 September 2008

http://www.damninteresting.com/teslas-tower-of-power

We are now only days away from our manuscript-delivery-deadline for the Damn Interesting book. Once that’s behind us, we can return to our regularly scheduled writing. In the meantime, here’s a re-run from 10 July 2007.

Wardenclyffe Tower

Wardenclyffe TowerIn 1905, a team of construction workers in the small village of Shoreham, New York labored to erect a truly extraordinary structure. Over a period of several years the men had managed to assemble the framework and wiring for the 187-foot-tall Wardenclyffe Tower, in spite of severe budget shortfalls and a few engineering snags. The project was overseen by its designer, the eccentric-yet-ingenious inventor Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943). Atop his tower was perched a fifty-five ton dome of conductive metals, and beneath it stretched an iron root system that penetrated more than 300 feet into the Earth’s crust. “In this system that I have invented, it is necessary for the machine to get a grip of the earth,” he explained, “otherwise it cannot shake the earth. It has to have a grip… so that the whole of this globe can quiver.”

Though it was far from completion, it was rumored to have been tested on several occasions, with spectacular, crowd-pleasing results. The ultimate purpose of this unique structure was to change the world forever.

Tesla’s inventions had already changed the world on several occasions, most notably when he developed modern alternating current technology. He had also won fame for his victory over Thomas Edison in the well-publicized “battle of currents,” where he proved that his alternating current was far more practical and safe than Edison-brand direct current. Soon his technology dominated the world’s developing electrical infrastructure, and by 1900 he was widely regarded as America’s greatest electrical engineer. This reputation was reinforced by his other major innovations, including the Tesla coil, the radio transmitter, and fluorescent lamps.

In 1891, Nikola Tesla gave a lecture for the members of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers in New York City, where he made a striking demonstration. In each hand he held a gas discharge tube, an early version of the modern fluorescent bulb. The tubes were not connected to any wires, but nonetheless they glowed brightly during his demonstration. Tesla explained to the awestruck attendees that the electricity was being transmitted through the air by the pair of metal sheets which sandwiched the stage. He went on to speculate how one might increase the scale of this effect to transmit wireless power and information over a broad area, perhaps even the entire Earth. As was often the case, Tesla’s audience was engrossed but bewildered.

Illustration showing Tesla's demonstration of wireless electricity.

Illustration showing Tesla's demonstration of wireless electricity.Back at his makeshift laboratory at Pike’s Peak in Colorado Springs, the eccentric scientist continued to wring the secrets out of electromagnetism to further explore this possibility. He rigged his equipment with the intent to produce the first lightning-scale electrical discharges ever accomplished by mankind, a feat which would allow him to test many of his theories about the conductivity of the Earth and the sky. For this purpose he erected a 142-foot mast on his laboratory roof, with a copper sphere on the tip. The tower’s substantial wiring was then routed through an exceptionally large high-voltage Tesla coil in the laboratory below. On the night of his experiment, following a one-second test charge which momentarily set the night alight with an eerie blue hum, Tesla ordered his assistant to fully electrify the tower.

Though his notes do not specifically say so, one can only surmise that Tesla stood at Pike’s Peak and cackled diabolically as the night sky over Colorado was cracked by the man-made lightning machine. Colossal bolts of electricity arced hundreds of feet from the tower’s top to lick the landscape. A curious blue corona soon enveloped the crackling equipment. Millions of volts charged the atmosphere for several moments, but the awesome display ended abruptly when the power suddenly failed. All of the windows throughout Colorado Springs went dark as the local power station’s industrial-sized generator collapsed under the strain. But amidst such dramatic discharges, Tesla confirmed that the Earth itself could be used as an electrical conductor, and verified some of his suspicions regarding the conductivity of the ionosphere. In later tests, he recorded success in an attempt to illuminate light bulbs from afar, though the exact conditions of these experiments have been lost to obscurity. In any case, Tesla became convinced that his dream of world-wide wireless electricity was feasible.

In 1900, famed financier J.P. Morgan learned of Tesla’s convictions after reading an article in Century Magazine, wherein the scientist described a global network of high-voltage towers which could one day control the weather, relay text and images wirelessly, and provide ubiquitous electricity via the atmosphere. Morgan, hoping to capitalize on the future of wireless telegraphy, immediately invested $150,000 to relocate Tesla’s lab to Long Island to construct a pilot plant for this “World Wireless System.” Construction of Wardenclyffe Tower and its dedicated power generating facility began the following year.

Tesla's lab at pike's peak

Tesla's lab at pike's peakIn December 1901, a scant few months after construction began, a competing scientist named Guglielmo Marconi executed the world’s first trans-Atlantic wireless telegraph signal. Tesla’s investors were deeply troubled by the development despite the fact that Marconi borrowed from seventeen Tesla patents to accomplish his feat. Though Marconi’s plans were considerably less ambitious in scale, his apparatus was also considerably less expensive. Work at Wardenclyffe continued, but Tesla realized that this his competitor’s success with simple wireless telegraphy had greatly diminished the likelihood of further investments in his own, much grander project.

In 1908, Tesla described his sensational aspirations in an article for Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony magazine:

“As soon as completed, it will be possible for a business man in New York to dictate instructions, and have them instantly appear in type at his office in London or elsewhere. He will be able to call up, from his desk, and talk to any telephone subscriber on the globe, without any change whatever in the existing equipment. An inexpensive instrument, not bigger than a watch, will enable its bearer to hear anywhere, on sea or land, music or song, the speech of a political leader, the address of an eminent man of science, or the sermon of an eloquent clergyman, delivered in some other place, however distant. In the same manner any picture, character, drawing, or print can be transferred from one to another place. Millions of such instruments can be operated from but one plant of this kind. More important than all of this, however, will be the transmission of power, without wires, which will be shown on a scale large enough to carry conviction.”

In essence, Tesla’s global power grid was designed to “pump” the planet with electricity which would intermingle with the natural telluric currents that move throughout the Earth’s crust and oceans. At the same time, towers like the one at Wardenclyffe would fling columns of raw energy skyward into the electricity-friendly ionosphere fifty miles up. To tap into this energy conduit, customers’ homes would be equipped with a buried ground connection and a relatively small spherical antenna on the roof, thereby creating a low-resistance path to close the giant Earth-ionosphere circuit. Oceangoing ships could use a similar antenna to draw power from the network while at sea. In addition to electricity, these currents could carry information over great distances by bundling radio-frequency energy along with the power, much like the modern technology to send high-speed Internet data over power lines.

Nikola Tesla

Nikola Tesla Given his supporting experimental data and previous engineering accomplishments, there was little reason to doubt the veracity of Tesla’s claims. But building the power station, the huge wooden tower, and the fifty-five ton conductive dome depleted the original investment money relatively quickly, leading to chronic funding shortages. The complications were further compounded by a stock market crash in 1901 which doubled the cost of building materials and sent investors scurrying for financial cover.

The Wardenclyffe team tested their tower a handful of times during construction, and the results were very encouraging; but the project soon devoured Tesla’s personal savings, and it became increasingly clear that no new investments were forthcoming. In 1905, having exhausted all practical financial options, the construction efforts were abandoned. Regarding the project’s demise, Tesla stated:

“It is not a dream, it is a simple feat of scientific electrical engineering, only expensive — blind, faint-hearted, doubting world! [...] Humanity is not yet sufficiently advanced to be willingly led by the discoverer’s keen searching sense. But who knows? Perhaps it is better in this present world of ours that a revolutionary idea or invention instead of being helped and patted, be hampered and ill-treated in its adolescence — by want of means, by selfish interest, pedantry, stupidity and ignorance; that it be attacked and stifled; that it pass through bitter trials and tribulations, through the strife of commercial existence. So do we get our light. So all that was great in the past was ridiculed, condemned, combatted, suppressed — only to emerge all the more powerfully, all the more triumphantly from the struggle.”

If Tesla’s plans had come to fruition, the pilot plant would have been merely the first of many. Such “magnifying transmitter” towers would have peppered the globe, saturating the planet with free electricity and wireless communication as early as the 1920s. Instead, the futuristic facility’s potential went untapped for over a decade, until the tower was finally demolished for salvage in 1917.

The fall of Wardenclyffe thrust the brilliant inventor into a deep depression and financial distress, and in the years that followed his colleagues began to seriously doubt his mental well-being. His eccentricities became increasingly exaggerated, underscored by his tendency to bring home and care for the injured pigeons he encountered during his daily visits to the park. He also developed an unnatural fear of germs, washing his hands compulsively and refusing to eat any food which had not been disinfected through boiling. But his mind remained pregnant with groundbreaking ideas, as he demonstrated when he described radar technology in 1917, almost twenty years before it became a reality.

Tesla in front of the spiral coil of his high-frequency transformer.

Tesla in front of the spiral coil of his high-frequency transformer.In 1928, aged seventy-two years, he filed one of his last patents; it described an ingenious lightweight flying machine that was an early precursor to today’s tilt-rotor Vertical Short Takeoff and Landing (VSTOL) planes such as the V-22 Osprey.

Nikola Tesla shuffled off this mortal coil in 1943, suffering a heart attack alone in his hotel room. Though he kept copious diaries of his experiments and ideas throughout his life, they were notoriously vague and lacking in technical details. He preferred to rely on his photographic memory for such nuances, therefore much of his knowledge went with him to the grave. Some modern investigations and calculations, however, do support Tesla’s contention that wireless electricity is not only feasible, but it may have even been a superior alternative to the extensive and costly grid of power lines which crisscross our globe today.

Had Wardenclyffe been completed without interruption, Tesla may have once again managed to alter the course of history. Instant access to power, information, pirated phonograph cylinders, and lewd photos of bare-ankled floozies on the TeslaNet may have ushered in the Information Age almost a century ahead of schedule, making today’s world a very different place indeed. Perhaps one day we will enjoy the future that Tesla envisioned, albeit a bit behind schedule.

Happy 151st birthday, Nikola.

Suggested by Matt.

Further reading:
Wikipedia: Wardenclyffe Tower
PBS page: Tesla: Master of Lightning
A photo archive of Tesla and his inventions
A Story of Youth Told by Age by Nikola Tesla
Buy Tesla’s Autobiography My Inventions on Amazon.com







Wardenclyffe Tower (1901–1917) also known as the Tesla Tower, was an early wireless telecommunications tower designed by Nikola Tesla and intended for commercial trans-Atlantic wireless telephony, broadcasting, and to demonstrate the transmission of power without interconnecting wires.[1][2] The core facility was not completed due to financial problems and was never fully operational.[3]

The tower was named after James S. Warden, a western lawyer and banker who had purchased land for the endeavor in Shoreham, Long Island, about sixty miles from Manhattan. Here he built a resort community known as Wardenclyffe-On-Sound. Warden believed that with the implementation of Tesla's "world system" a "Radio City" would arise in the area. He offered Tesla 200 acres (81 hectares) of land close to a railway line on which to build his wireless telecommunications tower and laboratory facility.


Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Construction


Tesla's Wardenclyffe plant on Long Island in partial stage of completion. Work on the 55-foot-diameter (17 m) cupola had not yet begun. Note the coal car parked next to the building. From this facility, Tesla hoped to demonstrate wireless transmission of electrical energy across the Atlantic. Circa 1902.

Nikola Tesla began planning the Wardenclyffe Tower facility ca. 1898, and in 1901, construction began on the land near Long Island Sound. Architect Stanford White designed the Wardenclyffe facility main building. The tower was designed by W.D. Crow, an associate of White. Funding for Tesla's project was provided by influential industrialists and other venture capitalists. The project was initially backed by the wealthy J. P. Morgan who had invested $150,000 in the facility (more than $3 million in 2009 dollars).[4]

In June 1902 Tesla moved his laboratory operations from his Houston Street laboratory to Wardenclyffe. However in 1903, when the tower structure was near completion, it was still not yet functional due to last-minute design changes. In addition to commercial wireless telecommunications, Tesla intended the tower be used to demonstrate how electrical energy could be transmitted without the need for power lines. A story has arisen that the power consumption could not be metered and Morgan, who could not foresee any financial gain from providing free electricity to everyone, balked. Construction costs eventually exceeded the money provided by Morgan and additional financiers were reluctant to come forward (Tesla's other major financier was John Jacob Astor). By July 1904 Morgan (and the other investors) finally decided they would not provide any additional financing. Morgan also discouraged other investors from backing the project. In May 1905 Tesla's patents on alternating current motors and other methods of power transmission expired, halting royalty payments and causing a severe reduction of funding to the Wardenclyffe Tower. In an attempt to find alternative funding Tesla advertised the services of the Wardenclyffe facility but he met with little success. By this time Tesla had also designed the Tesla turbine at Wardenclyffe and produced Tesla coils for sale to various businesses.

By 1905, since Tesla could not find any more backers, most of the site's activity had to be shut down. Employees were laid off in 1906, but parts of the building remained in use until 1907. In 1908, the property was foreclosed for the first time. Tesla procured a new mortgage from George C. Boldt, proprietor of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel. The facility was partially abandoned around 1911, and the tower structure deteriorated. Between 1912 and 1915, Tesla's finances unraveled, and when the funders wanted to know how they were going to recapture their investments, Tesla was unable to give satisfactory answers. Newspaper headlines of the time labeled it "Tesla's million-dollar folly." The facility's main building was breached and vandalized around this time. Collapse of the Wardenclyffe project may have contributed to the mental breakdown Tesla experienced during this period. Coupled to the personal tragedy of Wardenclyffe was the 1895 fire at 35 South 5th Avenue, New York, in the building which housed Tesla's laboratory. In this fire, he lost much of his equipment, notes and documents. This produced a state of severe depression for Tesla.

Post-Tesla era

In 1915, legal ownership of the Wardenclyffe property was transferred to George Boldt of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel for a $20,000 debt (about $400,000 in 2009 dollars).[4] In September 1917 during World War I, the tower was blown up with dynamite on orders of the United States Government which feared German spies were using it and that it could be used as a landmark for German submarines.[5] Tesla was not in New York during the tower's destruction.

George Boldt wished to make the property available for sale. On April 20, 1922 Tesla lost an appeal of judgment versus his backers in the second foreclosure. This effectively locked Tesla out of any future development of the facility. In 1925, the property ownership was transferred to Walter L. Johnson of Brooklyn. On March 6, 1939, Plantacres, Inc. purchased the facility's land and subsequently leased it to Peerless Photo Products, Inc. AGFA Corporation bought the property from Peerless and is the current owner. The main building remains standing to this day. Agfa used the site from 1969 to 1992 then closed the facility. The site has undergone a final cleanup of waste produced during its Photo Products era. The clean up was conducted under the scrutiny of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and paid for by AGFA. In 2009 they put the property up for sale for $1,650,000. Agfa has advertised that the land can “be delivered fully cleared and level.” It says it spent $5 million through September 2008 cleaning up silver and cadmium.[4][6][7]

Preservation efforts

On February 14, 1967, the nonprofit public benefit corporation Brookhaven Town Historical Trust was established. It selected the Wardenclyffe facility to be designated as a historic site and as the first site to be preserved by the Trust on March 3, 1967. The Brookhaven Town Historic Trust was rescinded by resolution on Feb 1, 1972. There were never any appointments made after a legal opinion was received; it was never set up properly.[8] On July 7, 1976, a plaque from Yugoslavia was installed by representatives from Brookhaven National Laboratory [9] near the entrance of the building. It reads:[10]


Stanford White Building at the corner of Tesla Street and New York Route 25A in July 2009

IN THIS BUILDING
DESIGNED BY STANFORD WHITE, ARCHITECT
NIKOLA TESLA
BORN SMILJAN, YUGOSLAVIA 1856—DIED NEW YORK, U.S.A. 1943
CONSTRUCTED IN 1901-1905 WARDENCLYFFE
HUGE RADIO STATION WITH ANTENNA TOWER
187 FEET HIGH /DESTROYED 1917/, WHICH
WAS TO HAVE SERVED AS HIS FIRST WORLD
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM.
IN MEMORY OF 120TH ANNIVERSARY OF TESLA'S BIRTH
AND 200TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE U.S.A. INDEPENDENCE
July 10, 1976

The sign was stolen from the property in November 2009. An anonymous benefactor is offering a $2000 reward if it is returned to the property.[11]

National landmarking of the structure is awaiting completion of plant decommissioning activities by its present owner.[12]

In 1976, an application was filed to nominate the main building for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. It failed to get approval. In 1994, the campaign for placement of the Wardenclyffe facility on the National Register of Historic Places of New York was renewed. In October 1994 a second Application for formal nomination was filed. The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation conducted inspections and determined the facility meets New York State criteria for historic designation. A second visit was made on February 25, 2009. The site cannot be registered until it is nominated by a willing owner.

Facility grounds

Artistic representation of the station completed, including the tower structure.

Wardenclyffe is located near the Shoreham Post Office and Shoreham Fire House on Route 25A in Shoreham, Long Island, New York. Wardenclyffe was divided into two main sections. The tower, which was located in the back, and the main building compose the entire facility grounds. At one time the property was about 200 acres (0.81 km2). Now it consists of slightly less than 16 acres (65,000 m2).

The wood-framed tower was 186 feet (57 m) tall and the cupola 68 feet (20.7 m) in diameter. It had a 55-ton steel (some report it was a better conducting material, such as copper) hemispherical structure at the top (referred to as a cupola). Designed by one of Stanford White's associates, the structure was such as to allow each piece to be taken out if needed and replaced as necessary. The transmitter itself was to have been powered by a 200 kilowatt Westinghouse alternating current industrial generator. Beneath the tower, a shaft sank 120 feet (36.6 m) into the ground. Sixteen iron pipes were placed one length after another 300 additional feet (94.4 m) in order for the machine, in Tesla's words, "to have a grip on the earth so the whole of this globe can quiver."[13]

The main building occupied the rest of the facility grounds. It included a laboratory area, instrument room, boiler room, generator room and machine shop. Inside the main building, there were electromechanical devices, electrical generators, electrical transformers, glass blowing equipment, X-ray devices, Tesla coils, a remote controlled boat, cases with bulbs and tubes, wires, cables, a library, and an office. It was constructed in the style of the Italian Renaissance.

It has been suggested that this section be split into a new article titled World Wireless System. (Discuss)

World Wireless System

The transmission of electrical energy

In 1891 and 1892, Tesla had used an oscillatory transformer that bears his name in demonstration lectures delivered before meetings of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) in New York City"[14] and the Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEE) in London.[15] Of two striking results that Tesla demonstrated, one was that the wireless transmission of electrical energy was possible. A later presentation, titled "On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena" (Philadelphia/St. Louis; Franklin Institute in 1893),[16] was a key event in the invention of radio and could also be said to have begun the development of Wardenclyffe.

One-wire transmission

In the early presentations, the first experiment to be demonstrated was the operation of light and motive devices connected by a single wire to only one terminal of a high frequency induction coil, presented during the 1891 New York City lecture at Columbia University. While a single terminal incandescent lamp connected to one of an induction coil’s secondary terminals does not form a closed circuit “in the ordinary acceptance of the term”, the circuit is closed in the sense that a return path is established back to the secondary by what Tesla called “electrostatic induction” (or 'displacement currents'). This is due to the lamp’s filament or refractory button capacitance relative to the coil’s free terminal and environment; the free terminal also has capacitance relative to the lamp and environment. At high frequencies, the displacement current through these capacitances is sufficient to light the lamp.

Wireless transmission


The Tesla effect.[17][18][19] A "World Wireless" system for "the transmission of electrical energy" that depends upon Earth's electrical conductivity and electrical coupling through the upper atmosphere was proposed by Tesla.[20][21][22]

The second result demonstrated how energy could be made to go through space without any connecting wires. This was the first step towards a practical wireless system. The wireless energy transmission effect involved the creation of an electric field between two metal plates, each being connected to one terminal of an induction coil’s secondary winding. Once again, a light-producing device (in this case a gas discharge tube) was used as a means of detecting the presence of the transmitted energy. "The most striking result obtained" involved the lighting of two partially evacuated tubes in an alternating electrostatic field while held in the hand of the experimenter. In Tesla's words,

... I suspend a sheet of metal a distance from the ceiling on insulating cords and connect it to one terminal of the induction coil, the other terminal being preferably connected to the ground. Or else I suspend two sheets as illustrated in Fig. 29 / 125, each sheet being connected with one of the terminals of the coil, and their size being carefully determined. An exhausted tube may then be carried in the hand anywhere between the sheets or placed anywhere, even a certain distance beyond them; it remains always luminous.[23]

Here Tesla describes two different types of wireless transmitter, both employing a high-tension induction coil. One had a sheet of metal suspended from the ceiling and connected to one of the induction coil’s terminals, with the other terminal being connected to ground. The other type of transmitter had two sheets of metal suspended from the ceiling, each being connected to one of the coil’s high-voltage terminals.

Theory of wireless transmission

While working to develop an explanation for the two observed effects mentioned above, Tesla recognized that electrical energy can be projected outward into space and detected by a receiving instrument in the general vicinity of the source without the need for any interconnecting wires. He went on to develop two theories related to these observations, which are:

  1. By using two Tesla coil transmitter-receivers positioned at distant points on the Earth’s surface, it is possible to induce a flow of electrical current between them.

  2. By incorporating a portion of the Earth as part of a powerful dual-elevated-terminal Tesla coil transmitter an electrical disturbance can be impressed upon the Earth and detected “at great distance, or even all over the surface of the globe.”[23]

Tesla also made the assumption that the Earth is a charged body floating in space.

A point of great importance would be first to know what is the capacity of the Earth? and what charge does it contain if electrified? Though we have no positive evidence of a charged body existing in space without other oppositely electrified bodies being near, there is a fair probability that the Earth is such a body, for by whatever process it was separated from other bodies—and this is the accepted view of its origin—it must have retained a charge, as occurs in all processes of mechanical separation.[23]

Tesla was familiar with demonstrations that involved the charging of Leyden jar capacitors and isolated metal spheres with electrostatic influence machines (in modern terms, high-voltage (kV), low-current (μA) electrostatic generators). By bringing these elements into close proximity with each other, and also by making direct contact followed by their separation, the charge can be manipulated. He surely had this in mind in the creation of his mental image, not being able to know that the model of Earth’s origin was inaccurate. The presently accepted model of planetary origin is one of accretion and collision.

If it be a charged body insulated in space its capacity should be extremely small, less than one-thousandth of a farad.[23]

We now know that the Earth is a charged body, made so by processes—at least in part—related to the interaction between the continuous stream of charged particles called the solar wind that flows outward from the center of our solar system and Earth’s magnetosphere. And we also know that Tesla's capacitance estimate was correct: Earth's self-capacitance is about 710 microfarads.[24]

But the upper strata of the air are conducting, and so, perhaps, is the medium in free space beyond the atmosphere, and these may contain an opposite charge. Then the capacity might be incomparably greater.[23]

We now also know that Earth's upper atmospheric strata are conducting, or can be made so.

In any case it is of the greatest importance to get an idea of what quantity of electricity the Earth contains.[23]

An additional condition of which we are now aware is that the Earth possesses a naturally existing negative charge with respect to the conducting region of the atmosphere beginning at an elevation of about 50 km. The potential difference between the Earth and this region is on the order of 400,000 volts. Near the Earth's surface there is a ubiquitous downward directed E-field of about 100 V/m. Tesla referred to this charge as the “electric niveau” or electric level.[25]

It is difficult to say whether we shall ever acquire this necessary knowledge, but there is hope that we may, and that is, by means of electrical resonance. If ever we can ascertain at what period the Earth's charge, when disturbed, oscillates with respect to an oppositely electrified system or known circuit, we shall know a fact possibly of the greatest importance to the welfare of the human race. I propose to seek for the period by means of an electrical oscillator, or a source of alternating electric currents...[26]

Some maintain the 200 kW wireless facility would have functioned by the production and propagation of electromagnetic radiation also known as the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) radio wave, but this is not the case.

I am not producing radiation in my system; I am suppressing electromagnetic waves. But, on the other hand, my apparatus can be used effectively with electromagnetic waves. The apparatus has nothing to do with this new method except that it is the only means to practice it. So that in my system, you should free yourself of the idea that there is radiation, that energy is radiated. It is not radiated; it is conserved.[27]

By Tesla's own account, his earth resonance system works by the creation of powerful disturbances in Earth's natural electric charge. The Wardenclyffe facility had a dual purpose. In addition to point-to-point telecommunications and broadcasting it was also intended to demonstrate the transmission of electrical power on a reduced scale. He stated,

It is intended to give practical demonstrations of these principles with the plant illustrated. As soon as completed, it will be possible for a business man in New York to dictate instructions, and have them instantly appear in type at his office in London or elsewhere. He will be able to call up, from his desk, and talk to any telephone subscriber on the globe, without any change whatever in the existing equipment. An inexpensive instrument, not bigger than a watch, will enable its bearer to hear anywhere, on sea or land, music or song, the speech of a political leader, the address of an eminent man of science, or the sermon of an eloquent clergyman, delivered in some other place, however distant. In the same manner any picture, character, drawing, or print can be transferred from one to another place. Millions of such instruments can be operated from but one plant of this kind. More important than all of this, however, will be the transmission of power, without wires, which will be shown on a scale large enough to carry conviction.[28]

Wardenclyffe was the first of many installations to be constructed near major population centers around the world. If Tesla's plans had moved forward without interruption the Long Island prototype would have been followed by a second plant built in the British Isles, perhaps on the west coast of Scotland near Glasgow. Each of these facilities would have included a large magnifying transmitter of a design loosely based upon the apparatus which Tesla assembled at the Colorado Springs Experimental Station in 1899.

"... The plant in Colorado was merely designed in the same sense as a naval constructor designs first a small model to ascertain all the quantities before he embarks on the construction of a big vessel. I had already planned most of the details of the commercial plant, subsequently put up at Long Island, except that at that time the location was not settled upon. The Colorado plant I have used in determining the construction of the various parts, and the experiments which were carried on there were for the practical purpose of enabling me to design the transmitters and receivers which I was to employ in the large commercial plant subsequently erected..."[29]

Using a global array of these magnifying transmitters, it was Tesla's plan to establish what he called the "World Wireless System," providing multi-channel global broadcasting, an array of secure wireless telecommunications services, and a long range aid to navigation, including means for the precise synchronization of clocks. In a more highly developed state he envisioned the 'World System' would expand to include the wireless industrial transmission of electric power.[30]

At the time the power grid was quite limited in terms of who it reached and the Wardenclyffe prototype represented a way in which to significantly reduce the cost of "electrifying" the countryside. Tesla called his wireless technique the "disturbed charge of ground and air method".[31]

There is evidence that Wardenclyffe would have used extremely low frequency signals combined with higher frequency signals. In practice, the transmitter electrically influences both the Earth and the space above it. He made a point of describing the process as being essentially the same as transmitting electricity by conduction through a wire.

Tesla clearly specified the Earth as being one of the conducting media involved in ground and air system technology. The other specified medium is the atmosphere above 5 miles (8.0 km) elevation. While not an ohmic conductor, in this region of the troposphere and upwards, the density or pressure is sufficiently reduced to so that, according to Tesla’s theory, the atmosphere’s insulating properties can be easily impaired, allowing an electric current to flow. His theory further states that the conducting region is developed through the process of atmospheric ionization, in which the effected portions thereof are changed to plasma. The presence of the magnetic fields developed by each plant’s helical resonator suggests that an embedded magnetic field and flux linkage is also involved. Flux linkage with Earth’s natural magnetic field is also a possibility, especially in the case of an earth resonance transmission system.

The atmosphere below 5 miles (8.0 km) is also viewed as a propagating medium for a portion of the above-ground circuit, and, being an insulating medium, electrostatic induction would be involved rather than true electrical conduction. Tesla felt that with a sufficiently high electrical potential on the elevated terminal the practical limitation imposed upon its height could be overcome. He anticipated that a highly energetic transmitter, as was intended at Wardenclyffe, would charge the elevated terminal to the point where the atmosphere around and above the facility would break down and become ionized, leading to a flow of true conduction currents between the two terminals by a path up to and through the troposphere, and back down to the other facility. The ionization of the atmosphere directly above the elevated terminals would be facilitated by the use of an ionizing beam of ultraviolet radiation to form what might be called a high-voltage plasma transmission line. [ed. see longitudinal waves and waves in plasmas].

In various writings, Tesla explained that the Earth itself behaves as a resonant LC circuit when it is electrically excited at certain frequencies. At Wardenclyffe he operated at frequencies ranging from 1,000 Hz to 100 kHz. Tesla found the frequency range up to 30 – 35 kHz “to be most economical.” Excitation of earth resonance at a harmonic of the 11.78 Hz fundamental frequency suggests energy transmission by means of a TM00 spherical conductor “single-wire” surface wave transmission line mode. A Schumann resonance mode (the fundamental frequency being about 7.5 to 7.9 Hz) is probably not involved. The entire Earth can be electrically resonated with a single earth-resonance transmitter, so an earth-resonance based system would require, at a minimum, that only one World Wireless System transmitter be constructed. Alternatively, two distantly spaced transmiter-receiver facilities could be constructed. Such a system would not be so dependent upon the excitation of an earth-resonance mode. In either case a surface wave, similar to the Zenneck wave would be utilized.[32] Artificially induced earth currents would be utilized. According to Tesla, the planet's large cross-sectional area provides a low resistance path for the flow of earth currents. The greatest losses are apt to occur at the points where the transmitting / receiving plants and dedicated receiving stations are connected with the ground. This is why Tesla stated,

You see the underground work is one of the most expensive parts of the tower. In this system that I have invented it is necessary for the machine to get a grip of the Earth, otherwise it cannot shake the Earth. It has to have a grip on the Earth so that the whole of this globe can quiver, and to do that it is necessary to carry out a very expensive construction.[33]

To close the circuit a second path is established between the two transmitter-receiver plants' elevated high-voltage terminals through the rarefied atmospheric strata above five miles (8 km). The connection is made by some combination of electrostatic induction and electrical conduction through plasma. While a number of his wireless patents, including "Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy," U.S. Patent No. 1,119,732, December 1, 1914, describe a system which uses the plasma-conduction scheme, his "Art of transmitting electrical energy through the natural mediums," U.S. Patent No. 787,412, April 18, 1905 and some of his Wardenclyffe design notes from 1901 show the overall plan also involves electrostatically induce oscillations in the potential associated with Earth's self-capacitance. The two tower earth-resonance transmitter is especially designed for this purpose. Tesla wrote,

The specific plan of producing the stationary waves, here-in described, might be departed from. For example, the circuit which impresses the powerful oscillations upon the earth might be connected to the latter at two points.[34]

Tesla believed that a fully developed system with large high-power stations based upon the smaller Wardenclyffe prototype would permit wireless transmission and reception across large distances with negligible losses.[35][36][37][38]

In the course of this work, I mastered the technique of high potentials sufficiently for enabling me to construct and operate, in 1899, a wireless transmitter developing up to twenty million volts. Some time before I contemplated the possibility of transmitting such high tension currents over a narrow beam of radiant energy ionizing the air and rendering it, in measure, conductive. After preliminary laboratory experiments, I made tests on a large scale with the transmitter referred to and a beam of ultra-violet rays of great energy in an attempt to conduct the current to the high rarefied strata of the air and thus create an auroral such as might be utilized for illumination, especially of oceans at night. I found that there was some virtue in the principal but the results did not justify the hope of important practical applications. . . .[39]

In spite of ridicule, many of Tesla's ideas have been demonstrated to be essentially correct. For example he correctly predicted the existence of the ionosphere and electrical resonance of the Earth-atmosphere system. Resonance of the earth-ionosphere cavity with a fundamental frequency in the vicinity of 7.3 Hz was demonstrated in the 1950s as the Schumann resonance.[40] The latter phenomenon was named after Schumann, for although Tesla had detected a resonance of the Earth-atmosphere system, he was not taken seriously in his time.[41] Furthermore, Tesla appears to have excited a different terrestrial resonance mode with a fundamental frequency of 11.78 Hz.

Electrical transmission and reception

Tesla's early experiments involved the propagation of ordinary radio waves, that is to say Hertzian waves, electromagnetic waves propagated through space without artificial guide.[42]

In 1919 Nikola Tesla wrote,

The popular impression is that my wireless work was begun in 1893, but as a matter of fact I spent the two preceding years in investigations, employing forms of apparatus, some of which were almost like those of today. It was clear to me from the very start that the successful consummation could only be brought about by a number of radical improvements. Suitable high frequency generators and electrical oscillators had first to be produced. The energy of these had to be transformed in effective transmitters and collected at a distance in proper receivers. Such a system would be manifestly circumscribed in its usefulness if all extraneous interference were not prevented and exclusiveness secured. In time, however, I recognized that devices of this kind, to be most effective and efficient, should be designed with due regard to the physical properties of this planet and the electrical conditions obtaining on the same.

One of the requirements of the World Wireless system is the construction of resonant receivers.[43] The grounded helical resonator of a Tesla Coil and an elevated terminal can be used in receive mode.[44][45][46][47][48][49] Tesla himself repeatedly demonstrated the wireless transmission of electrical energy from a Tesla coil transmitter to a Tesla coil receiver. These concepts and methods are part of his wireless transmission system (US1119732 — Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy — 1902 January 18). Tesla made a proposal that there would be many more than thirty transmission-reception stations worldwide.[50]

Tesla coil in one experiment of many conducted in Colorado Springs. This is a grounded tuned coil in resonance with a distant transmitter; Light is glowing near the bottom.

In the principle form of Tesla system receiver, a Tesla coil receiving transformer[51][52][53][54] acts as a step-down transformer with high current output.[55] The parameters of a Tesla Coil transmitter are identically applicable to it being a receiver (e.g.., an antenna circuit), due to reciprocity.

[Impedance, generally though, is not applied in an obvious way; for electrical impedance, the impedance at the load (e.g.., where the power is consumed) is most critical and, for a Tesla Coil receiver, this is at the point of utilization (such as at an induction motor) rather than at the receiving node. Complex impedance of an antenna is related to the electrical length of the antenna at the wavelength in use. Commonly, impedance is adjusted at the load with a tuner or a matching networks composed of inductors and capacitors.]

In another form of receiving circuit the two input terminals are connected to a device designed to reverse polarity at predetermined intervals of time and charge a capacitor.[56] This form of Tesla system receiver has means for commutating the current impulses in the charging circuit so as to render them suitable for charging an energy storage device, a device for closing the receiving-circuit, and means for causing the receiver to be operated by the accumulated energy.[57]

Tesla receivers operated correctly act as a step-down transformer with high current output.[58] There are, to date, no commercial power generation entities or businesses that have utilized this technology to full effect. The power levels achieved by Tesla Coil receivers have, thus far, been a fraction of the output power of the transmitters.[citation needed]

While Tesla Coils can be used for wireless energy transmission and reception, much of the public and media attention is directed away from such applications since big electrical discharges are fascinating to most people.


Researchers experimenting with Tesla's wireless energy transmission system design have made observations that may be inconsistent with a basic tenet of physics related to the scalar derivatives of the electromagnetic potentials, which are presently considered to be nonphysical.[clarification needed][59][60][61][62][63]

The intention of the Tesla world wireless energy transmission system is to combine electrical power transmission along with broadcasting and point-to-point wireless telecommunications, and allow for the elimination of many existing high-tension power transmission lines, facilitating the interconnection of electrical generation plants on a global scale.

One of Tesla's patents[64] suggests he may have misinterpreted 25–70 km nodal structures associated with cloud-ground lightning observations made during the 1899 Colorado Springs experiments in terms of circumglobally propagating standing waves instead of a local interference phenomenon of direct and reflected waves.[65]

Regarding the recent notion of power transmission through the earth-ionosphere cavity, a consideration of the earth-ionosphere or concentric spherical shell waveguide propagation parameters as they are known today shows that wireless power transmission by direct excitation of a Schumann cavity resonance mode is not realizable.[66] "The conceptual difficulty with this model is that, at the very low frequencies that Tesla said that he employed (1-50 kHz), earth-ionosphere waveguide excitation, now well understood, would seem to be impossible with the either the Colorado Springs or the Long Island apparatus (at least with the apparatus that is visible in the photographs of these facilities)."[67]

On the other hand, Tesla's concept of a global wireless electrical power transmission grid and telecommunications network based upon energy transmission by means of a spherical conductor transmission line with an upper three-space model return circuit, while perhaps not practical for power transmission, is feasible, defying no law of physics. Global wireless transmission by means of a spherical conductor “single-wire” surface wave transmission line and a propagating TM00 mode [68] may also be possible, a feasibility study using a sufficiently powerful and properly tuned Tesla coil earth-resonance transmitter being called for.[69]

Common misconceptions

Propagation mode

It was once thought the 200 kW Wardenclyffe prototype World Wireless station would have functioned by the production and propagation of electromagnetic radiation also known as the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) radio wave, but this is not the case. The World Wireless System actually works by the creation of powerful disturbances in Earth's natural electric charge and TM00 mode propagation over a spherical single conductor transmission line.[70][71] 

I am not producing radiation in my system; I am suppressing electromagnetic waves. But, on the other hand, my apparatus can be used effectively with electromagnetic waves. The apparatus has nothing to do with this new method except that it is the only means to practice it. So that in my system, you should free yourself of the idea that there is radiation, that energy is radiated. It is not radiated; it is conserved.[72]

World System functionality

It is believed by some that World Wireless System technology is intended only for wireless power transmission. The prototype Wardenclyffe installation and the second facility planned in Scotland[73][74] had a dual purpose. Their primary function was worldwide broadcasting and trans-Atlantic point-to-point wireless telecommunications. The prototype system was also intended for proof-of-concept wireless power transmission demonstrations, although on a greatly reduced scale.

It is intended to give practical demonstrations of these principles with the plant illustrated. As soon as completed, it will be possible for a business man in New York to dictate instructions, and have them instantly appear in type at his office in London or elsewhere. He will be able to call up, from his desk, and talk to any telephone subscriber on the globe, without any change whatever in the existing equipment. An inexpensive instrument, not bigger than a watch, will enable its bearer to hear anywhere, on sea or land, music or song, the speech of a political leader, the address of an eminent man of science, or the sermon of an eloquent clergyman, delivered in some other place, however distant. In the same manner any picture, character, drawing, or print can be transferred from one to another place. Millions of such instruments can be operated from but one plant of this kind. More important than all of this, however, will be the transmission of power, without wires, which will be shown on a scale large enough to carry conviction.[28]

 

Schumann Cavity resonance hypothesis

It has been proposed the World Wireless System involve energy transfer by means of a concentric spherical shell waveguide composed of Earth's surface and the ionosphere. This is known as the Schumann Cavity. Natural lightning excites Schumann resonances that are observed at the lowest few resonance frequencies (about 8 Hertz and multiples of that). Their measured Q's of order 5 to 10 suggest that the electrical disturbances produced by lightning make a few circuits of the Earth before damping out, and create a fairly definite terrestrial standing wave of a few cycles duration.

The concept of transferring power with small losses in this manner will not work because the standing wave would occur in the Earth-ionosphere cavity, which is too lossy, that is to say, the cavity Q too small to enable a standing wave of sufficient amplitude to be generated.[citation needed] This limitation is independent of the power of the transmitter. In order for the transmitter to feed power to the receiver as efficiently as it would in a closed low-loss circuit the power transferred to the receiver should be able to transfer power of the same order of magnitude reciprocally to the transmitter. This is a necessary condition for the transmitter to “feel” the load connected to the receiver and to supply power to it via the standing wave.

This would require an Earth-ionosphere cavity Q of order ~10^6 or 10^7 at the lowest Schumann resonance frequencies. Measurements based on the spectrum of natural electrical radio noise yield a Q of only about 5 to 10. Cavity Q is defined here as the ratio of the electric field energy stored in the Earth-ionosphere cavity per cycle of the oscillation to the average power input to the cavity from the transmitter. The situation only gets worse at higher frequencies because of increasing energy losses in the earth and ionosphere, as is the case in radio transmission.[75]

Furthermore, it has been pointed out that wireless energy transmission using the concentric spherical shell model, as discussed above, is not consistent with the Tesla type transmitter.

The conceptual difficulty with this model is that, at the very low frequencies that Tesla said that he employed (1-50 kHz), earth-ionosphere waveguide excitation, now well understood, would seem to be impossible with the either the Colorado Springs or the Long Island apparatus (at least with the apparatus that is visible in the photographs of these facilities).[76]

The maximum recommended operating frequencies of 25 kHz as specified by Tesla is far above the highest easily observable Schumann resonance mode (this is the 9th overtone) that exists at approximately 66.4 Hz. Tesla's selection of 25 kHz is wholly inconsistent with the operation of a system that is based upon the direct excitation of a Schumann resonance mode.

Ionospheric conduction

It is believed by some the atmospheric path used in the two-conductor method, i.e., the "second path," is the ionosphere, the uppermost strata of Earth's atmosphere starting at approximately 30 miles (48 km) in daytime and approximately 55 miles (89 km) at night. The atmospheric strata through which energy can be transmitted has a barometric pressure of 75 mm, equivilent to an elevation of about 15 miles (24 km). World Wireless System apparatus allows this elevation to be reduced down to approximately 4.5 miles (7.2 km).[77]

A Variant Receiver

A variant was suggested by Tesla for exploiting the vertical voltage gradient in the Earth's atmosphere.

A variant was suggested that could utilize the phantom loop effect to form a circuit to induct energy from the Earth's magnetic field and other radiant energy sources (including, but not limited to, electrostatics[78]).

A Tesla Coil can receive electromagnetic impulses[79] from atmospheric electricity[80][81][82] and radiant energy,[47][83] besides normal wireless transmissions.

The charging-circuit can be adapted to be energized by the action of various other disturbances and effects at a distance. Arbitrary and intermittent oscillations that are propagated via conduction to the receiving resonator will charge the receiver's capacitor and utilize the potential energy to greater effect.[84]

Various radiations can be used to charge and discharge conductors, with the radiations considered electromagnetic vibrations of various wavelengths and ionizing potential.[85]

Radiant energy throws off with great velocity minute particles which are strongly electrified and other rays falling on the insulated-conductor connected to a condenser (i.e., a capacitor) can cause the condenser to indefinitely charge electrically.[86]

The helical resonator can be "shock excited" due to radiant energy disturbances not only at the fundamental wave at one-quarter wave-length but also is excited at its harmonics.

The output power from these devices, attained from Hertzian methods of charging, is low,[87] but alternative charging means are available.

Hertzian methods can be used to excite a the receiver with limitations that result in great disadvantages for utilization, though.[84] The methods of ground conduction and the various induction methods can also be used to excite the receiver, but are again at a disadvantages for utilization.[84]

The receiver utilizes the effects or disturbances to charge a storage device with energy from an external source (natural or man-made) and controls the charging of said device by the actions of the effects or disturbances (during succeeding intervals of time determined by means of such effects and disturbances corresponding in succession and duration of the effects and disturbances).[88] The stored energy can also be used to operate the receiving device. The accumulated energy can, for example, operate a transformer by discharging through a primary circuit at predetermined times which, from the secondary currents, operate the receiving device.[88]

With regard to Tesla's statements on the harnessing of natural phenomena to obtain electric power, he stated:

Ere many generations pass, our machinery will be driven by a power obtainable at any point of the universe. — "Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency" (February 1892)

The Particle Beam Invention

Main articles: Teleforce, Particle beam weapon, and Directed-energy weapon

Related to the operation and utilization of Wardenclyffe Tower was Nikola Tesla's work on a macroscopic charged particle beam weapon called Teleforce in the 1930s. A Wardenclyffe styled facility which included the weapon was contemplated by Tesla. He offered it to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company in early 1934. It was also offered to the US War Department, Great Britain, and Yugoslavia. A descriptive 17-page type-written document on Tesla's office letterhead titled, "New Art of Projecting Concentrated Non-Dispersive Energy Through Natural Media", which presently exists in the Nikola Tesla Museum archive in Belgrade, shows that his macroscopic particle beam, also dubbed the "Peace Ray" or the "death ray" by contemporary media, was a narrow stream of charged macroscopic clusters of atomic mercury or tungsten accelerated by high voltage, produced by either a huge Van de Graaff generator or Tesla Coil.[39]

Telefunken Station

Wiki letter w cropped.svg

This section requires expansion.

After Wardenclyffe, Tesla built the Telefunken Wireless on the South Shore of Long Island. Some of what he wanted to achieve at Wardenclyffe was achieved with the Telefunken Wireless. In West Sayville, Long Island, New York, Tesla assisted in the building of three 600-foot (180 m) radio towers, creating the western wireless communication station in a North America and Europe network.

Quotes

  • "As soon as [the Wardenclyffe facility is] completed, it will be possible for a business man in New York to dictate instructions, and have them instantly appear in type at his office in London or elsewhere. He will be able to call up, from his desk, and talk to any telephone subscriber on the globe, without any change whatever in the existing equipment. An inexpensive instrument, not bigger than a watch, will enable its bearer to hear anywhere, on sea or land, music or song, the speech of a political leader, the address of an eminent man of science, or the sermon of an eloquent clergyman, delivered in some other place, however distant. In the same manner any picture, character, drawing, or print can be transferred from one to another place ..." – Nikola Tesla, "The Future of the Wireless Art," Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony, 1908, pg. 67-71.

  • "It is not a dream, it is a simple feat of scientific electrical engineering, only expensive — blind, faint-hearted, doubting world! [...] Humanity is not yet sufficiently advanced to be willingly led by the discoverer's keen searching sense. But who knows? Perhaps it is better in this present world of ours that a revolutionary idea or invention instead of being helped and patted, be hampered and ill-treated in its adolescence — by want of means, by selfish interest, pedantry, stupidity and ignorance; that it be attacked and stifled; that it pass through bitter trials and tribulations, through the strife of commercial existence. So do we get our light. So all that was great in the past was ridiculed, condemned, combatted, suppressed — only to emerge all the more powerfully, all the more triumphantly from the struggle." – Nikola Tesla, "The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires as a Means for Furthering Peace," Electrical World and Engineer, January 7, 1905.

Related patents

Nikola Tesla's patents

See also: List of Tesla patents

Other patents

See also

Crystal energy.svg

energy portal

Notes

  1. ^ Anderson, Leland I., Nikola Tesla On His Work with Alternating Currents and Their Application to wireless Telegraphy, Telephony, and Transmission of Power, 21st Century Books, 2002, pp. 106, 153, 170.; Counsel, "This Wardenclyffe station was that -- experimental?" Tesla, "No, it was a commercial undertaking. . . ."

  2. ^ "The Future of the Wireless Art," Wireless Telegraphy & Telephony, Van Nostrand, 1908

  3. ^ Cheney, Margaret (1999), Tesla  Master of Lightning, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, ISBN 0-7607-1005-8, pp. 107.; “Unable to overcome his financial burdens, he was forced to close the laboratory in 1905.”

  4. ^ a b c Broad, William J. (May 4, 2009). "A Battle to Preserve a Visionary’s Bold Failure". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/science/05tesla.html?hp. Retrieved 2009-05-05. "Today, a fight is looming over the ghostly remains of that site, called Wardenclyffe — what Tesla authorities call the only surviving workplace of the eccentric genius who dreamed countless big dreams while pioneering wireless communication and alternating current. The disagreement began recently after the property went up for sale in Shoreham, N.Y." 

  5. ^ See http://earlyradiohistory.us/1917tes.htm (citing page 293 of the September, 1917 issue of The Electrical Experimenter): "SUSPECTING that German spies were using the big wireless tower erected at Shoreham, L. I., about twenty years ago by Nikola Tesla, the Federal Government ordered the tower destroyed and it was recently demolished with dynamite."

  6. ^ A Battle to Preserve a Visionary’s Bold Failure - New York Times - May 4, 2009

  7. ^ "Tesla Lab: $1,650,000". New York Times. May 4, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/science/05teslabox.html?ref=science. Retrieved 2009-05-05. "5 Randall Road, Shoreham, N.Y., between Tesla Court and Randall Road" 

  8. ^ Email from Brookhaven Town Historian, Barbara Russell, Mon, March 30, 2009

  9. ^ Brookhaven Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 27, July 16, 1976

  10. ^ "168314_w407.jpg". http://assets.mediaspanonline.com/prod/3777889/168314_w407.jpg. Retrieved 2010-02-01. 

  11. ^ "Valuable Plaque Stolen From Tesla Laboratory"

  12. ^ Tesla, a Little-Recognized Genius, Left Mark in Shoreham - New York Times - November 10, 2002

  13. ^ Nikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating Currents and Their Application to Wireless Telegraphy, Telephony, and Transmission of Power, ISBN 1-893817-01-6, p. 203

  14. ^ "Experiments With Alternating Currents of Very High Frequency, and Their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination," AIEE, Columbia College, N.Y., May 20, 1891

  15. ^ “Experiments With Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency," IEE Address, London, February 3, 1892” (Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla).

  16. ^ "On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena," February 24, 1893, before the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, March 1893, before the National Electric Light Association, St. Louis.

  17. ^ Norrie, H. S., "Induction Coils: How to make, use, and repair them". Norman H. Schneider, 1907, New York. 4th edition.

  18. ^ Electrical experimenter, January 1919. pg. 615

  19. ^ Tesla: Man Out of Time By Margaret Cheney. Page 174

  20. ^ "The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires," Electrical World, March 5, 1904

  21. ^ "The True Wireless", Electrical Experimenter, May 1919

  22. ^ "World System of Wireless Transmission of Energy," Telegraph and Telegraph Age, October 16, 1927

  23. ^ a b c d e f "Experiments With Alternating Currents of Very High Frequency, and Their Application to Methods of Artificial Illumination," AIEE, Columbia College, N.Y., May 20, 1891

  24. ^ "Episode 126: Capacitance and the equation C =Q/V", Institute of Physics website > Schools and Colleges > Projects > Teaching Advanced Physics > Electricity > Capacitors, accessed 2008-09-25

  25. ^ As noted by James Corum, et al. in the paper "Concerning Cavity Q," Proceedings of the 1988 International Tesla Symposium. (ed. along with other sources)

  26. ^ "On Light and Other High Frequency Phenomena," February 24, 1893, before the Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, March 1893, before the National Electric Light Association, St. Louis.

  27. ^ Anderson, Leland, Nikola Tesla On His Work with Alternating Currents and Their Application to wireless Telegraphy, Telephony, and Transmission of Power, 21st Century Books, 2002, p. 133.

  28. ^ a b "The Future of the Wireless Art," Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony, Walter W. Massie & Charles R. Underhill, 1908, pp. 67-71

  29. ^ Anderson, Leland, Nikola Tesla On His Work with Alternating Currents and Their Application to wireless Telegraphy, Telephony, and Transmission of Power, 21st Century Books, 2002, p. 170.

  30. ^ "U.S. Blows Up Tesla Radio Tower," Electrical Experimenter, September 1917, p. 293.

  31. ^ Peterson, Gary, "Rediscovering the Zenneck Surface Wave," Feed Line No. 4.

  32. ^ "The Zenneck Surface Wave," Appendix II of the paper entitled "Nikola Tesla, Lightning Observations and Stationary Waves" by K. L. Corum and J. F. Corum, Ph.D. 1994., presented at the 1994 Colorado Springs Tesla Symposium.

  33. ^ Anderson, Leland, Nikola Tesla On His Work With Alternating Currents and Their Application to Wireless Telegraphy, Telephony and Transmission of Power, p. 203

  34. ^ U.S. Patent No. 787,412, April 18, 1905 and some of his Wardenclyffe design notes

  35. ^ Peterson, Gary, "Nikola Tesla's Wireless Work: The development of a ground-based system for wireless transmission"

  36. ^ Peterson, Gary, "Comparative Study of the Hertz, Marconi and Tesla Low-Frequency Wireless Systems"

  37. ^ Peterson, Gary, "Tesla Coils & the World System: Nikola Tesla's Engineering Legacy"

  38. ^ Peterson, Gary, "A Museum at Wardenclyffe: The Creation of a Monument to Nikola Tesla".

  39. ^ a b THE NEW ART OF PROJECTING CONCENTRATED NON-DISPERSIVE ENERGY THROUGH NATURAL MEDIA, System of Particle Acceleration for Use in National Defense

  40. ^ http://amasci.com/tesla/tmistk.html

  41. ^ http://www.earthbreathing.co.uk/sr.htm

  42. ^ Definition of "Hertzian"

  43. ^ Marc J. Seifer, Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla. Page 228.

  44. ^ Tesla, Nikola, "The True Wireless". Electrical Experimenter, May 1919. (Available at pbs.org)

  45. ^ U.S. Patent 645,576

  46. ^ U.S. Patent 725,605

  47. ^ a b U.S. Patent 685,957, Apparatus for the utilization of radiant energy, N. Tesla

  48. ^ U.S. Patent 685,958, Method of utilizing of radiant energy, N. Tesla

  49. ^ "Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy", Jan. 18, 1902, U.S. Patent 1,119,732, December 1, 1914 (available at U.S. Patent 1,119,732 and 21st Century Books' Apparatus for Transmitting Electrical Energy)

  50. ^ Marc J. Seifer, Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla. Page 472. (cf. "Each tower could act as a sender or a receiver. In a letter to Katherine Johnson, Tesla explains the need for well over thirty such towers".)

  51. ^ Gary Peterson, Rediscovering the Zenneck Surface Wave.

  52. ^ 'Energy-sucking' Radio Antennas, N. Tesla's Power Receiver.

  53. ^ William Beaty, "Tesla invented radio?". 1992.

  54. ^ Nikola Tesla's Contributions to Radio Developments. www.tesla-symp06.org.

  55. ^ A. H. Taylor, "Resonance in Aërial Systems". American Physical Society. Physical review. New York, N.Y.: Published for the American Physical Society by the American Institute of Physics. (cf. The Tesla coil in the receiver acts as a step-down transformer, and hence the current is greater than in the aerial itself.)

  56. ^ U.S. Patent 0685956

  57. ^ U.S. Patent 0685955 Apparatus for Utilizing Effects Transmitted From A Distance To A Receiving Device Through Natural Media

  58. ^ A. H. Taylor, "Resonance in Aërial Systems". American Physical Society. Physical review. New York, N.Y.: Published for the American Physical Society by the American Institute of Physics. (cf. The Tesla coil in the receiver act as a step-down transformer, and hence the current is greater than in the aerial itself.)

  59. ^ van Vlaenderen, Koen J., "A Generalization of Classical Electrodynamics for the Prediction of Scalar Field Effects," Institute for Basic Research, 2008

  60. ^ C. Monstein and J.P Wesley, Observation of scalar longitudinal electrodynamic waves, Europhysics Letters 59 (2002), no. 4, 514-520.

  61. ^ Chubykalo, Andrew E., Rumen I. Tzontchev and Juan M. Rivera-Juárez, Coulomb interaction does not spread instantaniously, Hadrionic Journal 23 (2000), 401-424.

  62. ^ Dea, Jack Y., "Scalar Fields: Their Prediction from Classical Electromagnetism and Interpretation from Quantum Mechanics, 1985.

  63. ^ Bearden, T. E., SOLUTIONS TO TESLA'S SECRETS AND THE SOVIET TESLA WEAPONS, 1981; John T. Ratzlaff, REFERENCE ARTICLES FOR SOLUTIONS TO TESLA'S SECRETS.

  64. ^ Tesla, Nikola, Art of Transmitting Electrical Energy Through the Natural Mediums, Apr. 17, 1906, Canadian Patent No. 142,352, Aug. 13, 1912

  65. ^ July 4, 1899, NIKOLA TESLA COLORADO SPRINGS NOTES 1899-1900, Nolit, 1978

  66. ^ Bradford, Henry and Gary Peterson, "Nikola Tesla On Wireless Energy Transmission," The Schumann Cavity Resonance Hypothesis

  67. ^ Spherical Transmission Lines and Global Propagation, An Analysis of Tesla's Experimentally Determined Propagation Model, K. L. Corum, J. F. Corum, Ph.D., and J. F. X. Daum, Ph.D. 1996, p. 10.

  68. ^ Elmore, Glenn, "Introduction to the Propagating Wave on a Single Conductor," Corridor Systems Inc., 2009.

  69. ^ Marinčić, Aleksandar, "Research of Nikola Tesla in Long Island Laboratory," International Scientific Conference in Honor of the 130th Anniversary of the Birth of Nikola Tesla, 1986.

  70. ^ Corum

  71. ^ the other guy

  72. ^ Anderson, Leland, Nikola Tesla On His Work with Alternating Currents and Their Application to wireless Telegraphy, Telephony, and Transmission of Power, 21st Century Books, 2002, p. 133.

  73. ^ Popovic, Vojin, "Nikola Tesla -- True Founder of Radio Communications," Nikola Tesla Life Work of a Genius, Yugoslav Society for the Promotion of Scientific Knowledge "Nikola Tesla" Belgrade 1976.

  74. ^ Babylon Signal, August 1902.

  75. ^ Henry Bradford, NIKOLA TESLA ON WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION.

  76. ^ ["Spherical Transmission Lines and Global Propagation, An Analysis of Tesla's Experimentally Determined Propagation Model," K. L. Corum, J. F. Corum, Ph.D., and J. F. X. Daum, Ph.D. 1996, p. 10.

  77. ^ Tesla, Nikola, System of Transmission of Electrical Energy, Sept. 2, 1897, U.S. Patent No. 645,576, Mar. 20, 1900.

  78. ^ Bell, Louis (1901). Electric Power Transmission; a Practical Treatise for Practical Men. p. 10. http://books.google.com/books?id=hSYKAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA110&lpg=RA3-PA110&dq=%22electric+power+transmission+a+practical+treatise+for+practical+men%22&source=web&ots=FTKTW8smJm&sig=8kcwxaAWKmm5-1ysBFR52oQiRik#PRA1-PA10,M1. Retrieved 2007-02-15.  "Both kinds of strains exist in radiant energy, […] The stresses in electro-magnetic energy are at right angles both to the electrostatic stresses and to the direction of their motion or flow."

  79. ^ This would include being able to be "shock excited" by all electrical phenomena of transverse waves (those with vibrations perpendicular to the direction of the propagation) and longitudinal waves (those with vibrations parallel to the direction of the propagation). Further information can be found in U.S. Patent 685,953, U.S. Patent 685,954, U.S. Patent 685,955, U.S. Patent 685,956, U.S. Patent 685,957 and U.S. Patent 685,958.

  80. ^ Marc J. Seifer, Wizard: The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla. Page 221 (cf. "The inventor had tuned his equipment so carefully that “in one instance the devices recorded effects of lightning discharges fully 500 miles away […]"

  81. ^ Hermann Plauson, U.S. Patent 1,540,998, "Conversion of atmospheric electric energy". Jun. 1925.

  82. ^ Nikola Tesla, "Tuned Lightning", English Mechanic and World of Science, March 8, 1907.

  83. ^ U.S. Patent 685,958, Method of utilizing of radiant energy, N. Tesla

  84. ^ a b c U.S. Patent 0685953 Apparatus for Utilizing Effects Transmitted from a Distance to a Receiving Device through Natural Media

  85. ^ US685957 Utilization of Radiant Energy

  86. ^ U.S. Patent 685,957 Apparatus for the utilization of radiant energy, N. Tesla

  87. ^ U.S. Patent 0685953 "Apparatus for Utilizing Effects Transmitted from a Distance to a Receiving Device through Natural Media"

  88. ^ a b U.S. Patent 0685954 Method of Utilizing Effects Transmitted through Natural Media

Further reading

  • Anderson, Leland, "Rare Notes from Tesla on Wardenclyffe" in Electric Spacecraft - A journal of Interactive Research, Issue 26, September 14, 1998. Contains copies of rare documents from the Tesla Museum in Belgrade including Tesla's notes and sketches from 1901

  • Bass, Robert W., "Self-Sustained Non-Hertzian Longitudal Wave Oscillations as a Rigorous Solution of Maxwell's Equations for Electromagnetic Radiation". Inventek Enterprises, Inc., Las Vegas, Nevada.

  • "Boundless Space: A Bus Bar". The Electrical World, Vol 32, No. 19.

  • Massie, Walter Wentworth, "Wireless telegraphy and telephony popularly explained ". New York, Van Nostrand. 1908.

  • Rather, John, "Tesla, a Little-Recognized Genius, Left Mark in Shoreham". The New York Times. Long Island Weekly Desk.

  • Tesla, Nikola, "The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires", Electrical World and Engineer, March 5, 1904.

  • Tesla, Nikola, "World System of Wireless Transmission of Energy", Telegraph and Telegraph Age, October 16, 1927.

External links



Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower"









Posted by LandRightsNFArming at 5:19 PM